Table I:
Comparison of the characteristics between primary CNS lymphoma cases and controls
| Characteristics | PCNSL casesa (N = 1,727) |
Controlsa (N = 200,000) |
Chi2 test p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | Number (%) | ||
| Age, years | |||
| Median (IQR) | 75 (70 – 79) | 75 (70 – 79) | |
| 65–69 | 329 (19.1) | 38,123 (19.1) | _ |
| 70–74 | 506 (29.3) | 58,592 (29.3) | |
| 75–79 | 462 (26.7) | 53,486 (26.7) | |
| 80–84 | 292 (16.9) | 33,812 (16.9) | |
| ≥ 85 | 138 (8.0) | 15,987 (8.0) | |
| Sex | |||
| Males | 772 (44.7) | 89,400 (44.7) | _ |
| Females | 955 (55.3) | 110,600 (55.3) | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 1,467 (84.9) | 169,850 (84.9) | _ |
| Black | 63 (3.7) | 7,308 (3.7) | |
| Others/Unknown | 197 (11.4) | 22,842 (11.4) | |
| Year of cancer diagnosis/control selection | |||
| 1992 – 2001 | 335 (22.5) | 45,053 (22.5) | _ |
| 2002 – 2007 | 376 (25.3) | 50,567 (25.3) | |
| 2008 – 2011 | 385 (25.9) | 51,794 (25.9) | |
| 2012 – 2015 | 391 (26.3) | 52,586 (26.3) | |
| Total Part-A, Part-B, non-HMO Medicare coverage (months)b | |||
| Median (IQR) | 54 (26 – 71) | 55 (30 – 67) | |
| 1 to 29 | 467 (27.0) | 50,153 (25.1) | < 0.0001 |
| 30 to 54 | 373 (21.6) | 46,190 (23.1) | |
| 55 to 67 | 330 (19.1) | 58,807 (29.4) | |
| ≥ 68 | 557 (32.3) | 44,850 (22.4) | |
| Total number of physician claims per yearb | |||
| Median (IQR) | 5.42 (2.50 – 10.00) | 5.33 (2.35 – 9.84) | |
| 0 to 2.17 | 378 (21.9) | 49,417 (24.7) | 0.05 |
| 2.18 to 5.16 | 448 (25.9) | 50,573 (25.3) | |
| 5.17 to 9.63 | 440 (25.5) | 49,989 (25.0) | |
| ≥ 9.64 | 461 (26.7) | 50,021 (25.0) | |
| Any autoimmune conditionc | 364 (21.1) | 34,598 (17.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Systemic/Connective tissuec | |||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 109 (6.3) | 11,250 (5.6) | 0.22 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 14 (0.8) | 1,288 (0.6) | 0.39 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 25 (1.5) | 1,422 (0.7) | 0.0003 |
| Sarcoidosis | < 11 (< 0.6) | 414 (0.2) | 0.07 |
| Polymyalgia rheumatica | 33 (1.9) | 3,136 (1.6) | 0.25 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | < 11 (< 0.6) | 462 (0.2) | 0.32 |
| Polymyositis/dermatomyositis | < 11 (< 0.6) | 422 (0.2) | 0.22 |
| Reactive arthritis | < 11 (< 0.6) | 46 (< 0.1) | 1.00 |
| Bloodc | |||
| Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia | < 11 (< 0.6) | 136 (0.1) | 0.33 |
| Immune thrombocytopenic purpura | < 11 (< 0.6) | 184 (0.1) | 0.22 |
| Cardiovascular systemc | |||
| Giant cell arteritis | 14 (0.8) | 1,407 (0.7) | 0.60 |
| Polyarteritis nodosa | < 11 (< 0.6) | 141 (0.1) | 0.0008 |
| Behçet disease | < 11 (< 0.6) | 11 (< 0.1) | 0.09 |
| Wegener granulomatosis | < 11 (< 0.6) | 86 (< 0.1) | 0.17 |
| Endocrine glandsc | |||
| Addison disease | < 11 (< 0.6) | 279 (0.1) | 0.74 |
| Graves disease | 16 (0.9) | 1,629 (0.8) | 0.61 |
| Hashimoto thyroiditis | 16 (0.9) | 1,382 (0.7) | 0.24 |
| Skinc | |||
| Psoriasis | 58 (3.4) | 5,020 (2.5) | 0.03 |
| Scleroderma | 13 (0.8) | 1,268 (0.6) | 0.54 |
| Discoid lupus erythematosus | < 11 (< 0.6) | 507 (0.3) | 0.77 |
| Vitiligo | < 11 (< 0.6) | 407 (0.2) | 0.78 |
| Gastrointestinal systemc | |||
| Pernicious anaemia | 56 (3.2) | 6,220 (3.1) | 0.75 |
| Crohn disease | 13 (0.8) | 1,250 (0.6) | 0.50 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 15 (0.9) | 2,264 (1.1) | 0.30 |
| Autoimmune hepatitis | < 11 (< 0.6) | 35 (< 0.1) | 0.04 |
| Primary biliary cirrhosis | < 11 (< 0.6) | 175 (0.1) | 0.67 |
| Coeliac disease | < 11 (< 0.6) | 462 (0.2) | 1.00 |
| Nervous systemc | |||
| Multiple sclerosis | < 11 (< 0.6) | 613 (0.3) | 0.76 |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | < 11 (< 0.6) | 265 (0.1) | 0.30 |
| Myasthenia gravis | 12 (0.7) | 391 (0.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Eyesc | |||
| Uveitis | 29 (1.7) | 849 (0.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Scleritis | 12 (0.7) | 948 (0.5) | 0.18 |
Abbreviations: HMO, health maintenance organization; IQR, interquartile range; PCNSL, primary central nervous system lymphoma.
Note: Counts less than 11 are suppressed in accordance with the SEER-Medicare data use agreement.
a
Cases and controls were frequency-matched on age categories (65–69, 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, ≥ 85 years), sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (white, black, others/unknown), and calendar year of cancer diagnosis/control selection.
b
Calculated at least 12 months before case diagnosis/control selection.
c
Autoimmune conditions were considered present if there was at least 1 inpatient, outpatient, or physician Medicare claim.