Table 4.
Associations of Being in the Top Quartile of Hair Cortisol Concentrationa with Early Teen Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Measures
| Adjusted β (95% CI)b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never in top quartile |
Top quartile in mid- childhood only |
Top quartile in early adolescence only |
Top quartile in mid- childhood and early adolescence |
|
| Outcome | (N=246) | (N=74) | (N=72) | (N=34) |
| BMI z-score (n=424)c | 0.00 (ref) | 0.09 (−0.13, 0.31) | 0.10 (−0.13, 0.33) | −0.08 (−0.39, 0.22) |
| Waist circumference, cm (n=426)d | 0.00 (ref) | 0.77 (−1.59, 3.12) | 0.23 (−2.13, 2.59) | −1.57 (−4.78, 1.63) |
| Waist-height ratio (n=424)e | 0.00 (ref) | 0.009 (−0.006, 0.023) | 0.000 (−0.014, 0.015) | −0.008 (−0.028, 0.011) |
| DXA total fat mass, kg/m2 (n=320) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.64 (−0.08, 1.37) | 0.06 (−0.70, 0.82) | 0.17 (−0.93, 1.27) |
| DXA truncal fat mass index, kg/m2 (n=320) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.28 (−0.05, 0.62) | 0.09 (−0.26, 0.44) | 0.06 (−0.45, 0.57) |
| Metabolic risk z-score (n=249)c | 0.00 (ref) | 0.06 (−0.13, 0.26) | 0.03 (−0.17, 0.23) | −0.04 (−0.33, 0.25) |
| Adiponectin, μg/mL (n=279)c | 0.00 (ref) | −0.07 (−0.95, 0.81) | 0.58 (−0.32, 1.49) | 0.12 (−1.17, 1.41) |
| HOMA-IR (n=249)a,c | 0.00 (ref) | 0.27 (0.07, 0.47) | −0.05 (−0.25, 0.16) | 0.01 (−0.28, 0.31) |
| HDL, mg/dL (n=279)c | 0.00 (ref) | 1.19 (−2.83, 5.20) | 0.40 (−3.74, 4.54) | 3.48 (−2.43, 9.40) |
| CRP, mg/L (n=269)a,c | 0.00 (ref) | −0.10 (−0.43, 0.24) | −0.10 (−0.45, 0.25) | −0.31 (−0.80, 0.18) |
| IL-6, pg/mL (n=279)a,c | 0.00 (ref) | −0.02 (−0.22, 0.19) | −0.11 (−0.32, 0.11) | −0.09 (−0.40, 0.21) |
| Leptin, ng/mL (n=279)a,c | 0.00 (ref) | 0.23 (−0.04, 0.50) | −0.04 (−0.32, 0.24) | 0.03 (−0.36, 0.43) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg (n=425)c | 0.00 (ref) | −0.52 (−2.99, 1.94) | −0.06 (−2.53, 2.41) | −1.43 (−4.79, 1.93) |
Natural log-transformed
All adjusted for maternal age at enrollment (years, continuous), maternal education (college graduate [ref], not a college graduate), pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2, continuous), maternal smoking during pregnancy (yes, no [ref]), household income (<$70,000 [ref], ≥$70,000), child age (continuous, years), child sex (female [ref] vs. male), birthweight-for-sex-and-gestational age z-score (continuous), secondhand smoke exposure (no [ref], yes), mid-childhood pubertal development score (continuous)
Additionally adjusted for early childhood BMI z-score
Additionally adjusted for early childhood waist circumference
Additionally adjusted for early childhood waist-height ratio