Table 5.

Hazard ratios for laparoscopic versus open surgery from multivariable Cox regression stratified for UICC stage, tumor locations, and sex

Survival	Stratification variable	HR	95.0% CI for HR		p value
			Lower	Upper
Overall survival	UICC I	0.867	0.719	1.045	0.134
	UICC II	0.872	0.735	1.034	0.116
	UICC III	0.778	0.678	0.892	< 0.001
	Upper rectum	0.818	0.695	0.962	0.015
	Middle rectum	0.837	0.717	0.977	0.024
	Lower rectum	0.727	0.569	0.929	0.011
	Male sex	0.817	0.727	0.918	0.001
	Female sex	0.828	0.712	0.963	0.015
Recurrence-free survival	UICC I	0.875	0.734	1.044	0.138
	UICC II	0.815	0.691	0.962	0.015
	UICC III	0.708	0.620	0.808	< 0.001
	Upper rectum	0.773	0.661	0.905	0.001
	Middle rectum	0.787	0.677	0.915	0.002
	Lower rectum	0.697	0.554	0.877	0.002
	Male sex	0.778	0.696	0.871	< 0.001
	Female sex	0.760	0.657	0.879	< 0.001

Adjustment for sex, age, tumor location, UICC stage, grading, and perioperative treatment

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval