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. 2020 Feb 5;8:38. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00038

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Maternal smoke exposure and maternal PM exposure can dysregulate the immune system in the fetus. The numbers of Th2 and Th17 cells are increased with a lower number of Th1 cells. This is caused by several epigenetic mechanisms, for example, miRNA 223 is increased in Treg cells. B cell and macrophages differentiation are also affected, and a lower number of NK cells are found.