Table 1.

Patient characteristics.

	Robot-assisted LVA (n = 8)	Manual LVA (n = 12)	p-Value
Age	60 ± 11 years	60 ± 7 years	p = 0.85
BMI	27 ± 4 kg/m2	25 ± 5 kg/m2	p = 0.31
Current smoking	0	0
Mean years of lymphedema	4.75 ± 3.49 years	9.25 ± 9.14	p = 0.20
ISL classification
Stage 1	1	NA
Stage 2a	7	11
Stage 2b	NA	1

Data are shown as mean ± SD or absolute number.

Lymph-ICF Lymphedema Functioning, Disability, and Health questionnaire, ISL International Society of Lymphology, NA not applicable, UEL upper extremity lymphedema index.

Reported p-values were obtained from independent samples’ t-test, where Mann–Whitney U-tests showed similar results.

Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Patient characteristics of patients receiving robot-assisted vs. manual LVA.