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. 2020 Feb 11;10:2327. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59019-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sleep was detrimental to spatial memory selectively for TBF-c images. Top – absolute positioning errors for TBF-n (blue), TBF-c (red) and TBR (yellow) images before sleep (T1) and after sleep (T2). Zero error represents exact positioning. Significant difference between errors in T1 and T2 errors are marked in the bottom panel. Bottom – difference between positioning errors in T2 and T1 computed as a percentage change. Negative values represent memory deterioration over sleep. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.