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. 2020 Feb 11;10:2327. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59019-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The detrimental effect of TMR was limited to the items correctly associated with the sounds. Bars show the percentage change from T1 to T2 for TBF-n (blue), TBF-c (red), and TBR (yellow) images. Negative values represent memory deterioration over sleep. Bars at left show results for images with correct sound associations; bars at right show results for images without correct sound associations. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean. **p < 0.01.