TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical data of the study population.
| Overall (n = 87) | Group 1 (n = 54; 62.1%) | Group 2 (n = 33; 37.9%) | p-value | |
| Age (years) | 65.4 ± 9.2 (45–84) | 65.9 ± 8.6 (50–83) | 65.7 ± 10.2 (45–84) | 0.942 |
| Gender, female | 21 (24.1) | 13 (24.1) | 8 (24.2) | 1.000 |
| BMI | 28.2 ± 4.4 (19.1–41.2) | 28 ± 4.2 (19.7–39.1) | 28.3 ± 4.6 (19.1–41.2) | 0.826 |
| Hypertension | 72 (82.8) | 46 (85.2) | 26 (78.8) | 0.560 |
| Diabetes | 44 (50.6) | 25 (46.3) | 19 (57.6) | 0.379 |
| Dyslipidemia | 55 (64) | 38 (71.7) | 17 (51.5) | 0.068 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 41 (47.7) | 23 (43.4) | 18 (54.5) | 0.377 |
| BBs, n (%) | 78 (91.8) | 50 (92.6) | 28 (90.3) | 0.702 |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 82 (96.5) | 52 (96.3) | 30 (96.8) | 1 |
| Ace-i/Arbs, n (%) | 63 (74.1) | 38 (70.4) | 25 (80.6) | 0.441 |
| Statins, n (%) | 71 (83.5) | 42 (77.8) | 29 (93.5) | 0.073 |
| Troponin rise, n (%) | 28 (36.4) | 0 (0) | 28 (90.3) | <0.001 |
| E/A | 0.9 [0.8; 1.1] (0.6–4.1) | 0.9 [0.8; 1.4] (0.6–4.1) | 0.8 [0.8; 1] (0.7–1.1) | 0.378 |
| E/e’ | 10 [7.4; 13.6] (4.8–21) | 9.7 [7.3; 13.9] (4.8–21) | 10 [7; 11.7] (6–24) | 0.847 |
| LVTSd (mm) | 33.5 [30.5; 39.8] (26–54) | 32 [28; 35] (26–47) | 45 [34; 51.5] (33–54) | 0.031 |
| LVTDd (mm) | 49 [45; 53] (37–62) | 48 [43; 51] (40–56) | 55 [46.5; 57] (37–62) | 0.041 |
| Septum (mm) | 9.5 [8; 11] (6–14) | 9 [7.8; 10.2] (6–12) | 10 [8; 12] (7–14) | 0.148 |
| Pp (mm) | 9 [7; 10] (6–13) | 9 [7; 10.2] (6–13) | 9.5 [7.8; 10] (6–11) | 0.644 |
| LV mass-i (g/m2) | 74.6 [61.4; 96.2] (0.7–136) | 69.7 [61.4; 84.7] (1–131.1) | 81.5 [32.1; 108.1] (0.7–136) | 0.582 |
| RWT | 0.35 [0.3; 0.45] (0.24–0.54) | 0.38 [0.28; 0.46] (0.25–0.49) | 0.33 [0.27; 0.45] (0.24–0.54) | 0.811 |
| LVEF (%) | 56.8 ± 10.7 (30–81) | 59.7 ± 10.3 (35–81) | 52.4 ± 10.8 (30–65) | 0.003 |
| EAT thickness (mm) | 11 ± 3.3 (0–18) | 10.8 ± 4.2 (0–18) | 12.5 ± 2 (9–15) | 0.169 |
Data are expressed as n (%) or as mean ± standard deviation (min–max) or median [25th–75th percentile] (min–max). BMI, body mass index; BBs, beta-blockers; ACE-I, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; LVTDd, left ventricular tele-diastolic diameter; LVTSd, left ventricular tele-sistolic diameter; Pp, posterior wall; LV mass-I, left ventricular mass-index; RWT, relative wall thickness; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue.