Table 2.
Multivariate cox regression models of prognostic factors for overall survival
| Factors | ICC (n = 1762) | PHCC (n = 1103) | GBC (n = 2580) | DBDC (n = 538) | AVC (n = 365) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Age, years | ||||||||||
| 60‐69 vs ≤ 59 | 1.143 (1.004‐1.302) | .045 | 1.268 (1.071‐1.502) | .006 | 1.091 (0.971‐1.226) | 0.147 | 0.906 (0.704‐ 1.165) | .443 | 0.868 (0.618‐1.218) | .415 |
| 70‐79 vs ≤ 59 | 1.270 (1.099‐1.466) | .001 | 1.374 (1.146‐1.647) | <.001 | 1.177 (1.044‐1.326) | .008 | 1.258 (0.963‐1.645) | .095 | 1.152 (0.826‐1.607) | .406 |
| ≥80 vs ≤ 59 | 1.410 (1.168‐1.703) | <.001 | 1.226 (0.991‐1.517) | .063 | 1.422 (1.246‐1.622) | <.001 | 1.299 (0.961‐1.755) | .091 | 0.974 (0.662‐1.432) | .892 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male vs Female | 0.772 (0.694‐0.858) | <.001 | ||||||||
| Race | ||||||||||
| Black vs White | 0.919 (0.738‐1.145) | .456 | 1.105 (0.818‐1.492) | .517 | ||||||
| Others vs White | 0.661 (0.546‐0.802) | <.001 | 0.846 (0.630‐1.136) | .268 | ||||||
| Year at diagnosis | ||||||||||
| 14‐16 vs 10‐13 | 0.958 (0.878‐1.045) | .334 | ||||||||
| Marriage | ||||||||||
| Yes vs No | 1.106 (0.993‐1.233) | .069 | 1.054 (0.967‐1.149) | .237 | 1.179 (0.977‐1.423) | .088 | ||||
| Income | ||||||||||
| Low vs High | 1.155 (1.062‐1.256) | <.001 | ||||||||
| Insurance | ||||||||||
| No vs Yes | 1.001 (0.759‐1.322) | .993 | 0.949 (0.793‐1.135) | .566 | ||||||
| Region | ||||||||||
| Pacific Coast vs East | 1.142 (0.934‐1.396) | .197 | 0.724 (0.555‐0.943) | .016 | ||||||
| Northern Plain vs East | 0.972 (0.868‐1.089) | .629 | 0.908 (0.786‐1.049) | .193 | ||||||
| Alaska/Southwest vs East | 0.910 (0.701‐1.183) | .484 | 0.926 (0.632‐1.338) | .663 | ||||||
| Residence city | ||||||||||
| Middle vs Large | 1.018 (0.915‐1.132) | .745 | ||||||||
| Small vs Large | 1.136 (0.947‐1.209) | .281 | ||||||||
| Tumor size, mm | ||||||||||
| 30‐59 vs ≤ 29 | 0.871 (0.672‐1.128) | .298 | 1.104 (0.863‐1.412) | .435 | 1.115 (0.967‐1.149) | .168 | 1.155 (0.822‐1.622) | .410 | ||
| >60 vs ≤ 29 | 0.985 (0.783‐1.240) | .899 | 1.363 (1.037‐1.791) | .017 | 1.243 (1.056‐1.462) | .009 | 1.010 (0.621‐1.642) | .969 | ||
| Unknown vs ≤ 29 | 1.023 (0.815‐1.285) | .844 | 1.252 (1.042‐1.504) | .017 | 1.276 (1.119‐1.456) | <.001 | 1.099 (0.862‐1.401) | .449 | ||
| Differentiation | ||||||||||
| III/ IV vs I‐II | 1.312 (1.085‐1.588) | .005 | 1.460 (1.282‐1.663) | <.001 | 1.167 (0.778‐1.749) | .458 | 1.816 (1.333‐2.474) | <.001 | ||
| Unknown vs I‐II | 1.373 (1.178‐1.601) | <.001 | 1.242 (1.081‐1.426) | .002 | 1.137 (0.803‐1.609) | .471 | 1.122 (0.849‐1.484) | .421 | ||
| T stage | ||||||||||
| T3‐T4 vs T1‐T2 | 0.948 (0.825‐1.089) | .448 | 0.955 (0.849‐1.075) | .447 | ||||||
| TX vs T1‐T2 | 0.905 (0.790‐1.037) | .154 | 0.940 (0.812‐1.087) | .406 | ||||||
| N stage | ||||||||||
| N1 vs N0 | 1.001 (0.860‐1.165) | .990 | 1.024 (0.928‐1.130) | .635 | ||||||
| Nx vs N0 | 1.169 (0.984‐1.389) | .107 | 1.129 (1.001‐1.273) | .049 | ||||||
| Metastasis site | ||||||||||
| Liver vs DLN | 0.970 (0.803‐1.171) | .751 | 1.243 (0.986‐ 1.569) | .068 | 1.348 (1.153‐1.575) | <.001 | 0.968 (0.680‐1.378) | .856 | 0.840 (0.452‐1.559) | .582 |
| Lung vs DLN | 1.113 (0.895‐1.383) | .338 | 1.346 (0.950‐1.908) | .097 | 1.022 (0.771‐1.355) | .882 | 1.047 (0.635‐1.725) | .859 | 0.789 (0.388‐1.606) | .515 |
| Brain vs DLN | 3.075 (0.761‐12.434) | .117 | 2.027 (0.274‐14.979) | .491 | 1.419 (0.453‐4.447) | .551 | 5.244 (0.710‐38.728) | .106 | 2.127 (0.578‐7.833) | .259 |
| Bone vs DLN | 1.323 (1.030‐1.700) | .029 | 1.089 (0.673‐1.762) | .731 | 1.901 (1.306‐2.766) | <.001 | 1.594 (0.811‐3.133) | .178 | 3.499 (1.096‐11.167) | .035 |
| Others vs DLN | 1.079 (0.894‐1.303) | .432 | 1.121 (0.859‐1.463) | .403 | 1.307 (1.097‐1.558) | <.001 | 0.801 (0.539‐1.190) | .274 | 0.934 (0.473‐1.844) | .844 |
| Multi vs DLN | 1.332 (1.126‐1.576) | <.001 | 1.612 (1.266‐2.053) | <.001 | 1.470 (1.236‐1.748) | <.001 | 1.204 (0.820‐1.768) | .346 | 1.683 (0.869‐3.260) | .125 |
| Radiation | ||||||||||
| Yes vs No | 0.750 (0.631‐0.891) | .001 | 0.895 (0.704‐1.138) | .368 | 0.950 (0.804‐1.123) | .553 | ||||
| Palliative surgery | ||||||||||
| Yes vs No | 0.528 (0.398‐0.699) | <.001 | 0.402 (0.290‐0.558) | <.001 | 0.636 (0.561‐0.720) | <.001 | 0.452 (0.286‐0.714) | <.001 | 0.356 (0.237‐0.534) | <.001 |
| Chemotherapy | ||||||||||
| Yes vs No | 0.274 (0.243‐0.310) | <.001 | 0.381 (0.330‐0.438) | <.001 | 0.403 (0.367‐0.443) | <.001 | 0.350 (0.285‐0.429) | <.001 | 0.309 (0.234‐0.409) | <.001 |
P<0.05 is considered statistically significant (bold).
Abbreviations:AVC, Carcinoma of Vater ampulla; CI, Confidence interval; dLN, Distant lymph node; GBC, Gallbladder cancer; DCC, Distal cholangiocarcinoma; HR, Hazard ratio; ICC, Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; PHCC, Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.