Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients treated with insulin injections.
| All subjects | Group A | Group B | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of patients (FAS) | 4513 | 3765 | 748 | |
| Age (years) | 65.3 ± 10.2 | 65.4 ± 10.2 | 64.7 ± 9.9 | p = 0.096 |
| Sex, female | 2381 (53.8%) | 1997 (53.9%) | 384 (52.9%) | p = 0.611 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.4 ± 5.2 | 30.4 ± 5.3 | 30.1 ± 4.7 | p = 0.150 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 10.3 ± 6.8 | 10.1 ± 6.7 | 11.4 ± 6.9 | p < 0.001 |
| duration of insulin treatment (years) | 5.4 ± 5.0 | 5.2 ± 4.9 | 6.3 ± 5.7 | p < 0.001 |
| HbA1c level | 8.2% ± 1.5% | 8.3% ± 1.5% | 8.0% ± 1.4% | p < 0.001 |
| mean glycaemia level from self-control diary (mg/dl) | 170.2 ± 41.9 | 171.4 ± 42.6 | 159.4 ± 33.1 | p < 0.001 |
| Total daily dose of insulin (IU) | 42.7 ± 20.0 | 42.6 ± 20.1 | 43.3 ± 18.4 | p = 0.378 |
| Type of insulin | ||||
| Short-acting insulin (%) | 1321 (35.1%) | 118 (15.8%) | ||
| Long-acting insulin (%) | 1195 (31.7%) | 107 (14.3%) | ||
| Mean dose of insulin (IU) | ||||
| before breakfast | 20.6 ± 8.5 | 20.7 ± 8.5 | 19.4 ± 8.3 | p < 0.001 |
| before lunch | 12.1 ± 6.2 | 12.2 ± 6.0 | 11.7 ± 5.5 | p = 0.035 |
| before dinner | 15.5 ± 7.1 | 15.6 ± 7.2 | 14.8 ± 6.8 | p = 0.005 |
| before night | 15.6 ± 7.1 | 15.6 ± 7.2 | 15.9 ± 6.6 | p = 0.292 |
| Time of the day of insulin injection | ||||
| before breakfast | 4117 (91.2%) | 3417 (90.8%) | 700(93.6%) | p = 0.013 |
| before lunch | 1864 (41.3%) | 1515(40.2%) | 349(46.7%) | p = 0.001 |
| before dinner | 3817 (84.6%) | 3169(84.2%) | 648 (86.6%) | p = 0.089 |
| before night | 1562 (34.6%) | 1282(34.1%) | 280 (37.4%) | p = 0.076 |
| episodes of severe hypoglycemia during last 12 weeks | 601(13.2%) | 467 (12.4%) | 134 (17.9%) | p < 0.001 |
Values are expressed by mean ± SD or frequency. The Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, or chi2 test was used to test for significant differences.
DM2 – diabetes type 2, HbA1c – glycosylated hemoglobin, BMI – body mass index.