↑ |
upregulation |
↓ |
downregulation |
5-FU |
5-fluorouracil |
ABC |
ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins |
ABCB1, ABCG1 |
isoforms of ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins |
ARE |
antioxidant response element |
ABT-263 |
small molecule that inhibits Bcl-2; 4-(4-{[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]methyl}c-1-piperazinyl)-N-[(4-{[(2R)-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1-(phenylsulfanyl)-2-butanyl]amino}-3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]phenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide |
ABT-737 |
small molecule that inhibits Bcl-2; 4-{4-[(4′-Chloro-2-biphenylyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl}-N-[(4-{[(2R)-4-(dimethylamino)-1-(phenylsulfanyl)-2-butanyl]amino}-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]benzamide |
AKT |
protein kinase B |
ALDH |
aldehyde dehydrogenase |
ALP |
autophagy lysosomes systems |
AMPK |
AMP-activated protein kinase |
APAF1 |
apoptotic protease activating factor 1 |
APR-246 |
drug that binds to p53 (restoring p53 function) and depletes glutathione; PRIMA-1, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxymethyl-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one |
AR |
androgen receptor |
ATR |
serine/threonine protein kinase |
Axl, Tyro3 |
receptors for tyrosine kinase |
BASE |
base excision repair |
Bax |
Bcl-2-associated X protein/Bcl-2-like protein 4 |
Bcl-2 |
B cell lymphoma 2 protein |
Bcl-XL |
B cell lymphoma extra-large protein |
BCRA1, 2 |
breast cancer susceptible genes |
BCRP |
breast cancer resistant protein |
BER |
base excision repair |
BH |
Bcl-2 homology domain |
BIM |
Bcl-2 like protein 11 |
BNDQ |
quercetin and doxorubicin co-encapsulated biotin receptor-targeting nanoparticles |
BPIS |
bound polyphenols of inner shell from foxtail millet bran |
BRAF |
serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf |
C |
catechin |
CAB |
carboplatin |
CAPE |
caffeic acid phenethyl ester |
CAR |
constitutive androstane receptor |
caspase-3, 8, 9 |
cysteine aspartic proteases-3, 8, 9 |
CBZ |
cabazitaxel |
CD44, 24, 133 |
cluster of differentiation 44, 24, 133 |
CDF |
difluorinated curcumin |
CDK 2,4,6 |
cyclin-dependent kinases 2,4,6 |
CDPP |
cisplatin |
CEA |
carcioembryonic antigen |
cFLIP |
regulator of caspase-8 activation; cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein |
CgA |
chromogranin |
Chk1/2 |
Check point kinase 1/2 |
cIAP-1,2 |
cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1,2 |
COMT |
catechol-O-methyl transferase |
COX-2 |
ciclo-oxygenase 2 |
CPT11 |
irinotecan |
CREB-1 |
element binding protein-1 |
CRPC |
castration-resistant prostate cancer |
CSC |
cancer stem cells |
CXCR4 |
CXC chemokine receptor type 4 |
CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP19A1, CYP17A1 |
isoforms of cytochrome 450 |
CYP3A4 |
cytochrome P450 3A4 |
DDR |
DNA damage response |
DIABLO |
direct IAP-binding protein with Low pI |
DMBA |
7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene |
DNA |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
DOC |
docetaxel |
DOX |
doxorubicin (adriamycin) |
DPPT |
deoxypodophyllotoxin |
DR4/5 |
pro-apoptotic death receptors |
EC |
epicatechin |
EGC |
epigallocatechin |
EGCG |
epigallocatechingallate |
EGF |
epidermal growth factor |
EGFR |
epithelial growth factor receptor |
EGFR(T790M) |
epithelial growth factor receptor with a mutation that replace threonine by methionine at position 790 |
EGR-1 |
early growth response protein 1 |
EMT |
epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
ENL |
enterolactone |
ER |
estrogen receptors |
ERα/ERβ |
estrogen receptor alpha/estrogen receptor beta |
ERK 1,2 |
extracellular-signal regulated kinase |
ETS2 |
proto-oncogene 2, transcription factor (v-ets, Avian Erythroblastosis Virus E26 Oncogene Homolog 2) |
EZH2 |
enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (histone methyltransferase) |
FASN |
fatty acid synthase |
FBAP5 |
fatty acid-binding protein 5 |
FGF |
fibroblast growth factor |
FOLFOX |
5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, folinic acid |
GF |
gefitinib |
GRP78 |
glucose regulated protein |
GSH |
reduced glutathione |
GSK3 |
glycogen synthase kinase 3 |
GST |
glutathione-S transferase |
GPX |
glutathione peroxidase |
GTE |
green tea extract |
HER-2, 3 |
human epidermal growth factor 2, 3 |
Her2/neu |
receptor tyrosine-proteinkinase erbB-2 |
HGFR/MET |
hepatocyte growth factor receptor |
HIF-1α |
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha |
hMLH1 |
mismatch repair gene of human mutL homolog 1 |
HNK |
honokiol |
HO-1 |
hemeoxygenase 1 |
HR |
homologous recombination |
HRas |
transforming protein p21 |
IAP |
inhibitors of apoptosis proteins |
ICAM-1 |
intercellular adhesion molecule 1 |
IGF-1R |
insulin growth factor receptor |
IL-6, 8, 17, 18 |
interleukin-6, 8, 17, 18 |
i.p. |
intraperitoneal administration |
i.v |
intravenous administration |
JNK |
c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
Keap 1 |
kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 |
KRAS |
gene identified in Kirsten rat sarcoma |
MAPK |
mitogen activated protein kinase |
MDM2 |
mouse double minute 2 homolog |
MDR |
multidrug resistance |
Meriva |
turmeric/phospholipid formulation |
MET |
tyrosine-proteinkinase |
MLH1,2 |
human mutL homolog 1,2 |
MMP |
mitochondrial membrane potential |
MMP-2,9 |
metalloproteinases 2,9 |
MMR |
mismatch repair |
MRP1/2 |
multidrug resistance associated protein 1/2 |
mRNA |
messenger RNA |
miRNA |
microRNA |
miR-16, 17, 21, 200c, 17-5p, 892c |
microRNA-16, 17, 21, 200c, 17-5p, 892c |
MSH 1/2 |
DNA mismatch repair protein 1/2 |
mTOR |
mammalian target of rapamycin |
NAD(P)H |
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
NER |
nucleotide excision repair |
NF-κB |
nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
NGF |
nerve growth factor |
NHEJ |
non-homologous end-joining |
NOX |
NADPH oxidases |
NPs |
nanoparticles |
Nrf2 |
erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
NSCLC |
non-small cell lung cancer |
NSE |
neurospecific enolase |
OX |
oxaliplatin |
p53 |
tumor suppressor protein |
P-gp (MDR1) |
P-glycoprotein (multidrug resistance protein 1) |
PI3K/AKT |
phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B |
PKC |
proteinkinase C |
p.o. |
oral administration |
PPARβ/δ |
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ |
PPT |
podophyllotoxin |
PS |
phospho-sulindac |
PSA |
prostate serum antigen |
PTEN |
phosphatase and tensin homolog |
PTX |
paclitaxel |
PXR |
pregnane X receptor |
RARs |
retinoic acid receptors |
RES |
resveratrol |
ROS |
reactive oxygen species |
SCC |
squamous cell carcinoma |
SChA |
schizandrin A |
SCLC |
small cell lung cancer |
SECO |
secoisolariciresinol |
Smac |
second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase |
SOD |
superoxide-dismutase |
Src |
proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase |
SRT501 |
small molecule, a form of resveratrol designed to target sirtuin 1 protein |
STAT3 |
signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
T-box 3 |
T-box transcription factor 3 |
Tf-PEG-CUR |
transferrin-poly(ethylene glycol)-curcumin |
TGF-β |
transforming growth factor |
TKI |
tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
TME |
tumor microenvironment |
TP53 |
gene coding tumor suppressor protein p53 |
TRAIL |
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand |
UGT |
uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase |
VCR |
vincristine |
VEGF |
vascular endothelial growth factor |
VEGFR2 |
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 |
Wnt/β-catenin |
wingless-type MMTV integration site family member (MMTV, mouse mammary tumor virus)/beta-catenin signaling pathway |
xCT |
glutamate cysteine antiporter |
XIAP |
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein |
YB-1 |
Y-box binding protein-1 |