Table 1.
Sample sizes in the two stages of the experiment and two hibernation treatments (mild or harsh winter conditions). The number of queens is indicated with respect to the queen social origin, mate social origin (single-queen: s-q, multiple-queen: m-q), for low-elevation population (Finges, left) and high-elevation population (Derborence, right), at the start of the experiment (top), and in the hibernation phase of the experiment (bottom). The number of colonies from which queens originated is indicated in parentheses.
| start of the experiment (June, 2017) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| low elevation (Finges) |
high elevation (Derborence) |
|||||||
| queen social origin: | single-queen | multiple-queen | single-queen | multiple-queen | ||||
| mated to: | ||||||||
| s-q male | 46 (12) | 3 (1) | 119 (24) | 36 (14) | ||||
| m-q male | 14 (7) | 6 (3) | 279 (33) | 139 (26) | ||||
| unknown | 6 (6) | 0 | 17 (5) | 6 (6) | ||||
| virgin queens | 41 (18) | 3 (3) | 82 (33) | 71 (25) | ||||
| total number of queens | 107 | 12 | 497 | 252 | ||||
| in hibernation (November, 2017) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| queen social origin: | single-queen |
multiple-queen |
single-queen |
multiple-queen |
||||
| winter condition: | mild | harsh | mild | harsh | mild | harsh | mild | harsh |
| mated to: | ||||||||
| s-q male | 15 (10) | 16 (8) | 0 | 0 | 28 (14) | 27 (13) | 5 (4) | 6 (5) |
| m-q male | 4 (4) | 5 (4) | 1 | 1 | 72 (27) | 75 (28) | 35 (18) | 33 (16) |
| unknown | 2 (2) | 3 (3) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 (2) |
| virgin queens | 13 (9) | 15 (12) | 1 | 0 | 18 (13) | 21 (18) | 18 (13) | 14 (12) |
| total number of queens | 34 | 39 | 2 | 1 | 119 | 124 | 58 | 55 |