Table 4.
Respiratory viruses detected by PCR in different countries.
| Study | Country | Study Period | Study Population | Patient No. | Diagnosis | Positive Rate for Virus | 1st Detected Virus | 2nd Detected Virus | 3rd Detected Virus | Coinfection Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preeti 2009 [34] | India | 2005–2007 | Children | 301 | Lower RTI | 35.2% | RSV 20.3% | PIV3 7.3% | PIV2 5.6% | 18.8% |
| Childlow 2009 [23] | Australia | Jul 2006–Sep 2006 | Children | 121 | RTI | 71% | RSV 33.9% | RV 30.6% | ADV 8.3% | 34% |
| Huijskens 2012 [15] | Netherland | Jan 2010–Dec 2010 | Children | 177 | RTI | 73% | RSV 36.6% | RV 24% | EV 8.5% | 36.2% |
| Garcia-Garcia 2012 [13] | Spain | Sep 2004–Jul 2010 | Children | 884 | CAP | 73.4% | RSV 41.6% | RV 26.2% | Boca/ ADV 17.8% | 30% |
| Jain 2015 [4] | USA | Jan 2010–Jun 2012 | Children | 2012 | CAP | 66% | RSV 28% | RV 27% | MPV 13% | 26% |
| Jain 2015 [6] | USA | Jan 2010–Jun 2012 | Adults | 2320 | CAP | 23% | RV 9% | Flu A or B 6% | MPV 4% | 8.3% |
| Jiang 2017 [35] | China | Jan 2015–Dec 2015 | Children | 846 | CAP | 70.1% | RSV 22.9% | RV 22.1% | Boca 6% | 34.6% |
| Present study | Taiwan | Aug 2012–Jul 2014 | Children | 474 | RTI | 75.3% | RSV23.8% | RV15.2% | PIV3 11.2% | 25.8% |
Abbreviations: ADV: adenovirus; Boca: human bocavirus; CAP: community acquired pneumonia; EV: enterovirus; Flu: influenza virus; MPV: human metapneumovirus; PIV: parainfluenza virus; RSV: respiratory syncytial virus; RTI: respiratory tract infection; RV: human rhinovirus.