Figure 1.

Effect of polyethylene glycol-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ PEG NPs) on cisplatin cytotoxicity. HepG2 (A,B) and A431 cells (C,D) were exposed to different concentrations of 100 nm (closed circles), 200 nm (open circles) and 300 nm (closed rectangles) TiO₂ PEG NPs for 24 h in the presence (B,D) or absence (A,C) of the IC50 of cisplatin. All values are normalized to control untreated cells. All values are presented as mean ± SD (n ≥ 3). Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test.