Table 1.

Motivational climate and self-concept levels according to gender.

Variable		Male	Female	Sig.
Motivational Climate	CL	3.99 ± 0.72	4.01 ± 0.76	p = 0.81
	EI	3.89 ± 0.47	3.82 ± 0.52	p = 0.28
	IR	4.11 ± 0.78	4.13 ± 0.74	p = 0.81
	PE	2.48 ± 0.78	2.26 ± 0.81	p = 0.04 *
	UR	2.50 ± 10.08	2.27 ± 10.04	p = 0.11
	MR	2.52 ± 10.01	2.24 ± 10.00	p = 0.05 *
	TC	4.00 ± 0.52	3.99 ± 0.54	p = 0.91
	EC	2.50 ± 0.80	2.36 ± 0.80	p = 0.32
Self-Concept	Academic	2.47 ± 0.48	2.30 ± 0.38	p = 0.01 **
	Social	2.91 ± 0.34	2.82 ± 0.35	p = 0.06
	Emotional	3.25 ± 0.59	3.25 ± 0.62	p = 0.98
	Family	2.91 ± 0.33	2.99 ± 0.23	p = 0.03 *
	Physical	3.91 ± 0.51	2.35 ± 0.53	p = 0.31
	General	2.78 ± 0.20	2.76 ± 0.21	p = 0.49

Note: TC, task climate; EC, ego climate; CL, cooperative learning; EI, effort/improvement; IR, important role; PE, punishment for errors; UR, unequal recognition; MR, member rivalry; *, statistically significant difference (p < 0.05); **, statistically significant difference (p < 0.01).