Table 2.
Characteristics of folate deficient women according to supplement use.
| Characteristics a | Non-Users (n = 9) | Insufficient Users (n = 188) | Recommended Users (n = 60) | p-Value b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 38.0 (8.0) | 37.0 (4.0) | 37.0 (4.0)) | 0.884 |
| Educational level | ||||
| Low | 44.4% | 22.9% | 1.7% | <0.001 |
| Medium | 55.6% | 44.1% | 40.0% | |
| High | 0% | 33.0% | 58.3% | |
| Employed | 55.6% | 52.7% | 68.3% | 0.103 |
| Living in couple | 90.1% | 91.2% | 94.2 | 0.878 |
| Having children | 66.7% | 70.2% | 63.3% | 0.603 |
| Food intolerance (% yes) | 0% | 17.0% | 18.3% | 0.264 |
| Dietary restriction (% yes) | 33.3% | 18.6% | 21.7% | 0.514 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Non-smoker | 55.6% | 55.1% | 66.1% | 0.078 |
| Former smoker | 33.3% | 21.9% | 27.1% | |
| Smoker | 11.1% | 23.0% | 6.8% | |
| Pregestational BMI, Kg/m2 | 22.7 (3.2) | 23.6 (5.3) | 22.2 (3.9) | 0.256 |
| Pregestational BMI categories | ||||
| Underweight | 0% | 5.9% | 5.0% | 0.575 |
| Normal weight | 66.7% | 60.4% | 73.3% | |
| Overweight | 33.3% | 20.9% | 16.7% | |
| Obese | 0% | 12.3% | 5.0% | |
| MDS | 3 (3) | 4 (2) | 4 (2) | 0.047 |
| Adherence to MD | ||||
| Low | 66.7% | 46.8% | 36.7% | 0.424 |
| Medium | 33.3% | 51.1% | 61.7% | |
| High | 0% | 2.1% | 1.7% | |
a Results are reported as median (Interquartile range), or percentage. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test for bivariate or categorical variable, and Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables. b Significant results are indicated in bold font. Abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index; MDS, Mediterranean Diet Score.