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. 2020 Jan 14;21(2):523. doi: 10.3390/ijms21020523

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of Minoxidil (MXD) action on different cells of HF: keratinocytes, dermal papilla cells and dermal microvascular endothelial cells. (1) MXD induces the release of adenosine by follicle keratinocytes, (2) adenosine stimulates the release of growth factors (VEGF) by follicle dermal papilla cells (FDPC), (3) VEGF promotes angiogenesis mechanism in dermal microvascular endothelial cells.