Table 2.

Antimicrobial activities of representative chitosan conjugates.

Sample	Microorganism	Antimicrobial Properties	References
Chitosan-Catechin Conjugate	Bacillus subtilis	MIC: 64 μg/mL (Conjugate); 128 μg/mL (chitosan)	[34]
Chitosan-Caffeic Acid Conjugate	Staphylococcus aureus	MIC: 8 μg/mL (Conjugate); 16 μg/m(chitosan)	[116]
Chitosan–hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates	Bacillus subtilis	MIC: 2 μg/mL (CFA (I)); 128 μg/mL(chitosan)	[54]
Chitosan thiolated conjugate	E. coli	MIC: 2.9 mg/mL (TCNAC); 4.1 mg/mL(chitosan)	[39]
Chitosan thiolated conjugate	Bacillus subtilis	MIC: 0.25 mg/mL (CA-g-CS); 2 mg/mL(chitosan)	[69]
chitosan–lauricacid conjugate	Staphylococcus aureus	Antibacterial rate: 95.6% (Ti-PDOP-Chi–2.5%LA)	[117]
Cinnamic acids conjugated chitosan	Ralstonia solanacearum−5	IC50: 0.23 mg/mL (CTS-g-CA)); 0.56 mg/mL(chitosan)	[118]
Chitosan gallic acid conjugate	C. albicans	Reduction of fungi: 70%(GA); 61%(chitosan)	[100]
Sulfadiazine—Chitosan Conjugates	Listeria monocytogenes	Inhibition rate: 100% (PEC Lm-SDZ); 58%(chitosan)	[48]
Polylysine–chitosanconjugates	Beer yeast	Inhibition zone: 1.36 cm (conjugate) 0.96 cm (chitosan)	[109]
Hydrocaffeic acid conjugated chitosan	S. epidermidis	Enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to pure chitosan.	[119]