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(a) Artificial neural networks (ANN) can successfully predict the precise arrival times of a bogie cluster so that a well aligned rail-view graph (b) can be generated. (c) Taking the spatial average of the rail-view graph, all bogie clusters can clearly be resolved as 13 peaks. A peak finder algorithm performs similarly to the ANN in aligning the bins for a rail-view graph (d) and again 13 peaks can be found as well but the peak height is more uneven (e).
