Three-dimensional (3D) structure of PSTD motifs in fish ST8Sia IV. The 3D model of human ST8Sia IV PSTD (Protein Data Bank entry 6AHZ)—electrostatic potential surfaces—is displayed in addition to the simulated structure of PSTD from I. punctatus and C. maraena using YASARA. The exchanged amino acids are colored in an additional version of the 3D structure to highlight the position of the exchange: N3 → R3 (orange), K6 → P6 (magenta), R8 → H8 (green), T9 → M9 (green), I17 → V17 (violet), and P30 → N30 (grey) for I. punctatus and L1 → V1 (yellow), N3 → R3 (orange), K6 → R6 (magenta), V29 → I29, and P30 → N30 (grey) for C. maraena. It should be noted that, for the determination of the 3D structure of human ST8Sia IV PSTD, a peptide was used with one additional amino acid on the N-terminus and two additional amino acids on the C-terminus of PSTD [66].