Table 3.

Comparison of tAs and iAs concentrations (mg kg⁻¹) in infant rice-based foods in the current study and the published literature (values are mean ± standard error, range in brackets).

Product Category	Sampling Place	n	Mean As Concentration		Reference
			tAs	iAs
Rice milk	Australia	3	0.428 ± 0.002 1/0.020 ± 0 2	0.160 ± 0 1/0.008 ± 0 2	Present study
	Switzerland	6	0.015 (0.011–0.025) 3	0.009 (0.007–0.013) 3	[35]
Rice pasta	Australia	3	0.186 ± 0.003	0.155 ± 0.005	Present study
	Spain	4	0.192 (0.132–0.285)	0.136 (0.794–0.170)	[19]
Rice cereal	Australia	12	0.134 ± 0.023	–	Present study
	Australia	2	0.268 ± 0.006	0.073 ± 0.006	[23]
	United States	105	0.132 (0.050–0.723)	0.091 (0.023–0.283)	[16]
	United Kingdom	53	0.119 1 (0.042–0.396)	0.075 (0.008–0.323)	[11]
	Switzerland	7	0.278 (0.065–0.630)	0.204 (0.046–0.331)	[35]
	Spain	9	0.309 ± 0.011	0.107 ± 0.021	[9]
Rice crackers	Australia	21	0.132 ± 0.010	0.094 ± 0.012	Present study
	United States	199	0.121 (0.009–1.931)	0.079 (0.008–0.273)	[16]
	United Kingdom	97	0.141 4 (0.019–0.328)	0.111 (0.018–0.211)	[11]
	Switzerland	25	0.168 (0.047–0.361)	0.134 (0.040–0.279)	[35]

¹ rice milk samples in powder form; ² The As concentrations were recalculated based on manufacturer-recommended serving size in order to compare with liquid rice milk. ³ Rice milk samples in liquid form; ⁴ The tAs result from Signes-Pastor et al. [11] were based on ΣAs species and therefore, should only be used as an indication for tAs.