Figure 4.

Binding of bacteria by cytonemes formed by agents acting on the actin cytoskeleton. Scanning electron microscopy images of human neutrophils that were attached to fibronectin-coated substrata in the presence of 200 nM staurosporine (A,B) or 20 µM 4-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) (C,D). Bacteria S. typhimurium were added to attached neutrophils (bacteria/cells ratio 20:1) for 5 min at 37 °C. Then cells were fixed for electron microscopy. White arrows indicate bacteria bound by cytonemes. The photographs shown in this figure are similar to the photographs published in our previous articles [5,7,8].