Figure 4.

Cotreatment of curcumin with cisplatin augmented the inhibition of cell growth and proliferation and suppressed the motility of PTC cells. Curcumin synergistically enhanced the growth inhibitory potential of cisplatin in BCPAP (A) and TPC-1 (B) cells. BCPAP and TPC-1 cells were treated with 0 µM or 20 µM of curcumin and 10 µM cisplatin alone and in combination for 24 h. A cell proliferation assay was performed using a CCK8 kit, as described in the materials and methods section. Values were expressed as the mean +/− the SD of at least six replicates, with a p-value od *** p < 0.001. (C,D) Real-time cell proliferation (cell index) analysis of BCPAP and TPC-1 cells treated with curcumin and cisplatin, respectively. BCPAP and TPC-1 cells were cultured on electrodes and treated with 20 µM curcumin and 10 µM cisplatin alone and in combination followed by the monitoring of real-time cell growth, as mentioned in the material and methods section. (E–G) Curcumin synergistically inhibited the colony formation potential of cisplatin. BCPAP cells were cultured in a six-well plate with and without agar and treated with 0 µM or 20 µM curcumin and 10 µM of cisplatin alone and in combination for one to two weeks. Colonies were stained with crystal violet, and fluorescence intensity using CyQuant dye was measured at 485/530 nm. Data are presented as the mean +/− the SD, *** p < 0.001. Curcumin (CUR), cisplatin (CIS).