Table 3.
Associations between personal values in adolescence and outcomes in adulthood in multiple group path analysis (N = 1032)
| Psychological distress | HRQoL: physical | HRQoL: mental | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japan | US | Japan | US | Japan | US | |||||||
| Coeff | p | Coeff | p | Coeff | p | Coeff | p | Coeff | p | Coeff | p | |
| Avoiding causing trouble | − 0.01 | 0.844 | 0.18 | 0.001 | 0.00 | 0.968 | − 0.12 | 0.024 | 0.02 | 0.767 | − 0.15 | 0.007 |
| Positive evaluation | 0.06 | 0.271 | 0.14 | 0.009 | 0.10 | 0.059 | − 0.13 | 0.018 | − 0.07 | 0.188 | − 0.16 | 0.003 |
| Belief | − 0.01 | 0.912 | − 0.07 | 0.287 | − 0.03 | 0.668 | 0.03 | 0.615 | − 0.04 | 0.556 | 0.04 | 0.544 |
| Financial success | 0.15 | 0.018 | − 0.03 | 0.687 | − 0.04 | 0.521 | 0.05 | 0.446 | − 0.14 | 0.024 | − 0.05 | 0.469 |
| Improving society | − 0.08 | 0.236 | 0.08 | 0.302 | − 0.08 | 0.215 | − 0.05 | 0.514 | 0.10 | 0.109 | − 0.02 | 0.792 |
| Interest | − 0.02 | 0.779 | − 0.10 | 0.083 | − 0.10 | 0.080 | 0.10 | 0.086 | 0.03 | 0.609 | 0.13 | 0.019 |
| Social influence | − 0.03 | 0.653 | 0.14 | 0.093 | 0.01 | 0.914 | − 0.16 | 0.060 | 0.08 | 0.238 | − 0.01 | 0.953 |
| Challenging | 0.07 | 0.265 | 0.03 | 0.674 | − 0.02 | 0.792 | − 0.03 | 0.722 | − 0.09 | 0.173 | − 0.07 | 0.348 |
| Care | − 0.09 | 0.122 | − 0.16 | 0.011 | 0.04 | 0.512 | − 0.01 | 0.848 | 0.10 | 0.080 | 0.10 | 0.139 |
| Graduating from school | − 0.16 | 0.004 | 0.14 | 0.009 | 0.12 | 0.027 | − 0.06 | 0.301 | 0.14 | 0.011 | − 0.09 | 0.095 |
| Stable lifestyle | 0.08 | 0.200 | − 0.01 | 0.923 | 0.00 | 0.992 | 0.12 | 0.078 | − 0.12 | 0.061 | 0.02 | 0.771 |
| Commitment to values | − 0.10 | 0.060 | − 0.06 | 0.266 | 0.08 | 0.121 | 0.08 | 0.130 | 0.13 | 0.018 | 0.06 | 0.242 |
| Satisfaction | Happiness | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japan | US | Japan | US | |||||
| Coeff | p | Coeff | p | Coeff | p | Coeff | p | |
| Avoiding causing trouble | 0.00 | 0.967 | 0.02 | 0.641 | 0.05 | 0.405 | 0.02 | 0.647 |
| Positive evaluation | 0.02 | 0.783 | − 0.10 | 0.035 | 0.03 | 0.625 | − 0.12 | 0.010 |
| Belief | − 0.08 | 0.224 | 0.12 | 0.045 | − 0.03 | 0.647 | 0.12 | 0.037 |
| Financial success | − 0.15 | 0.014 | − 0.03 | 0.695 | − 0.10 | 0.090 | − 0.06 | 0.350 |
| Improving society | 0.12 | 0.058 | 0.06 | 0.470 | 0.02 | 0.779 | 0.12 | 0.093 |
| Interest | − 0.10 | 0.097 | − 0.13 | 0.011 | − 0.08 | 0.164 | − 0.10 | 0.039 |
| Social influence | 0.08 | 0.244 | 0.05 | 0.532 | 0.00 | 0.992 | 0.05 | 0.479 |
| Challenging | 0.00 | 0.983 | 0.13 | 0.043 | 0.02 | 0.755 | 0.13 | 0.045 |
| Care | 0.15 | 0.010 | − 0.05 | 0.386 | 0.14 | 0.021 | − 0.02 | 0.749 |
| Graduating from school | 0.11 | 0.047 | 0.12 | 0.017 | 0.12 | 0.033 | 0.19 | < 0.001 |
| Stable lifestyle | − 0.07 | 0.265 | 0.02 | 0.711 | − 0.06 | 0.308 | − 0.07 | 0.243 |
| Commitment to values | 0.14 | 0.007 | 0.23 | < 0.001 | 0.16 | 0.003 | 0.29 | < 0.001 |
All coefficients were standardized
p < 0.05 are in italic
HRQoL health-related quality of life, Coeff coefficient