Table 1.
Haemodynamic parameters in control (C) and methylene blue groups (MB5 and MB20)
| Variables | Group | Basaline | Ischemia | R60 | R120 | R240 | R360 | Reperfusion | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (bpm) | C | 207 ± 32 a | 175 ± 41a | 173 ± 31 | 178 ± 27 | 184 ± 28 | 190 ± 28 | 179 ± 29 | ♯,● |
| MB5 | 200 ± 18 a | 182 ± 16 a,c | 197 ± 28 | 209 ± 25 | 213 ± 24 | 216 ± 20 | 207 ± 26 c | ♯,† | |
| MB20 | 199 ± 23 a | 176 ± 23 a,c | 183 ± 26 | 198 ± 29 | 194 ± 37 | 200 ± 34 | 190 ± 30 c | ●,† | |
| RR (rpm) | C | 35 ± 9 | 32 ± 8 | 36 ± 12 | 328 | 3510 | 3510 | 34 ± 10 | ♯,● |
| MB5 | 37 ± 10 | 35 ± 5 c | 41 ± 8 | 436 | 4810 | 4610 | 43 ± 9 c | ♯ | |
| MB20 | 34 ± 7 | 33 ± 8 c | 35 ± 8 | 4013 | 4212 | 4514 | 40 ± 12 c | ● | |
| MAP (mmHg) | C | 64 ± 6 a,b | 41 ± 13 a | 41 ± 11 | 42 ± 11 | 41 ± 10 | 38 ± 11 | 40 ± 10 b | ♯,● |
| MB5 | 66 ± 15 a | 46 ± 13 a,c | 65 ± 15 | 58 ± 13 | 56 ± 13 | 55 ± 12 | 59 ± 14 c | ♯,† | |
| MB20 | 61 ± 14 ª,b | 47 ± 10 a | 50 ± 9 | 45 ± 9 | 45 ± 7 | 46 ± 8 | 47 ± 9b | ●,† | |
| SAP (mmHg) | C | 84 ± 12 a,b | 52 ± 15 a | 56 ± 14 | 59 ± 12 | 56 ± 12 | 52 ± 13 | 56 ± 13 b | ♯,● |
| MB5 | 89 ± 23 a | 60 ± 18 a,c | 95 ± 21 | 84 ± 15 | 79 ± 14 | 75 ± 14 | 85 ± 18 c | ♯,† | |
| MB20 | 83 ± 19 a | 62 ± 17 a | 78 ± 17 | 70 ± 18 | 66 ± 14 | 69 ± 14 | 72 ± 17 | ●,† | |
| DAP (mmHg) | C | 51 ± 6 a,b | 35 ± 11 a | 32 ± 9 | 33 ± 10 | 33 ± 8 | 30 ± 9 | 31 ± 9 b | ♯,● |
| MB5 | 52 ± 14 a | 39 ± 11 a,c | 49 ± 12 | 45 ± 11 | 42 ± 10 | 42 ± 10 | 45 ± 11 c | ♯,† | |
| MB20 | 45 ± 13 a,b | 37 ± 10 a | 35 ± 9 | 33 ± 7 | 35 ± 6 | 37 ± 9 | 36 ± 6 b | †,● | |
| CI (mL/min/kg) | C | 177 ± 52 a,b | 115 ± 53 a | 124 ± 49 | 126 ± 28 | 110 ± 16 | 127 ± 27 | 123 ± 39 b | ♯,● |
| MB5 | 190 ± 33 a | 103 ± 29 a,c | 172 ± 47 | 191 ± 53 | 186 ± 51 | 183 ± 45 | 182 ± 50 c | ♯ | |
| MB20 | 189 ± 39 a | 111 ± 32 a,c | 185 ± 68 | 168 ± 56 | 165 ± 60 | 177 ± 73 | 175 ± 63 c | ● | |
| dPmx (mmHg/s) | C | 888 ± 363 a,b | 488 ± 161 a | 628 ± 266 | 605 ± 274 | 535 ± 158 | 450 ± 128 | 584 ± 250 b | ♯,● |
| MB5 | 941 ± 193 a | 558 ± 237 a,c | 1244 ± 357 | 1072 ± 253 | 930 ± 256 | 918 ± 194 | 1080 ± 314 c | ♯ | |
| MB20 | 931 ± 276 a | 577 ± 140 a,c | 1218 ± 403 | 916 ± 463 | 874 ± 390 | 1017 ± 405 | 1031 ± 442 c | ● | |
| SVI (mL/beat/kg) | C | 0.88 ± 0.31 a | 0.68 ± 0.30 a | 0.73 ± 0.32 | 0.71 ± 0.18 | 0.55 ± 0.17 | 0.62 ± 0.16 | 0.69 ± 0.26 | ♯,● |
| MB5 | 0.95 ± 0.15 a | 0.54 ± 0.13 a,c | 0.93 ± 0.34 | 0.98 ± 0.34 | 0.92 ± 0.30 | 0.89 ± 0.32 | 0.94 ± 0.32 c | ♯ | |
| MB20 | 0.98 ± 0.26 a | 0.65 ± 0.20 a,c | 1.00 ± 0.36 | 0.83 ± 0.20 | 0.82 ± 0.22 | 0.89 ± 0.25 | 0.91 ± 0.30 c | ● | |
| SVRI (mmHg/mL/min/kg) | C | 0.37 ± 0.10 a | 0.40 ± 0.18 a,c | 0.33 ± 0.13 | 0.30 ± 0.08 | 0.32 ± 0.07 | 0.25 ± 0.1 | 0.30 ± 0.10 c | ♯ |
| MB5 | 0.33 ± 0.09 a | 0.44 ± 0.15 a,c | 0.34 ± 0.07 | 0.32 ± 0.06 | 0.30 ± 0.08 | 0.31 ± 0.09 | 0.33 ± 0.11 c | ♯,† | |
| MB20 | 0.31 ± 0.11 a | 0.42 ± 0.13 a,c | 0.26 ± 0.10 | 0.27 ± 0.06 | 0.32 ± 0.07 | 0.30 ± 0.19 | 0.28 ± 0.09 c | † | |
| CaO2 (mL/dL) | C | 16.4 ± 1.2 a,b | 14.2 ± 1.7 a | 15.1 ± 1.6 | 14.8 ± 1.4 | 13.8 ± 0.9 | 12.1 ± 1.9 | 14.8 ± 2.1 b | |
| MB5 | 15.7 ± 1.8 a,b | 14.7 ± 1.5 a | 15.6 ± 1.5 | 14.8 ± 1.5 | 13.9 ± 1.7 | 13.5 ± 1.9 | 14.4 ± 2.1 b | † | |
| MB20 | 16.1 ± 1.1 a,b | 14.1 ± 2.5 a | 13.8 ± 2.6 | 13.1 ± 2.2 | 12.7 ± 2.5 | 12.3 ± 2.7 | 13.3 ± 2.6 b | † | |
| DO2 (mL/min/kg) | C | 29.3 ± 8.3 a,b | 15.9 ± 8.8 a | 19.2 ± 5.9 | 16.2 ± 4.2 | 14.7 ± 4.1 | 14.8 ± 3.0 | 16.4 ± 4.6 b | ♯,● |
| MB5 | 29.5 ± 7.9 a | 15.7 ± 7.1 a,c | 25.7 ± 6.4 | 27.0 ± 4.9 | 24.8 ± 6.7 | 20.0 ± 7.4 | 24.4 ± 6.3 c | ♯ | |
| MB20 | 30.1 ± 8.6 a | 15.6 ± 4.5 a,c | 28.5 ± 13.9 | 24.5 ± 5.6 | 21.9 ± 8.2 | 19.7 ± 8.5 | 23.6 ± 10.5 c | ● | |
| VVS (%) | C | 12 ± 2 a,b | 22 ± 7 a | 19 ± 5 | 21 ± 6 | 21 ± 5 | 24 ± 7 | 20 ± 5 b | ♯ |
| MB5 | 10 ± 3 a | 19 ± 6 a,c | 15 ± 4 | 15 ± 6 | 13 ± 5 | 12 ± 3 | 14 ± 5 c | ♯,† | |
| MB20 | 12 ± 3 a,b | 19 ± 5 a | 17 ± 6 | 17 ± 8 | 19 ± 9 | 19 ± 10 | 18 ± 8 b | † | |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | C | 2.8 ± 1.1 a,b | 5.6 ± 1.8 a | 7.7 ± 2.0 | 6.6 ± 2.4 | 6.0 ± 1.7 | 5.7 ± 1.9 | 6.9 ± 2.6 b | ♯ |
| MB5 | 2.4 ± 1.0 a,b | 4.9 ± 1.3 a, | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 4.7 ± 1.7 | 4.3 ± 1.4 | 4.5 ± 1.4 | 4.8 ± 1.2 b | ♯,† | |
| MB20 | 2.8 ± 0.9 a,b | 5.2 ± 1.9a | 6.3 ± 2.1 | 6.4 ± 3.1 | 6.0 ± 3.0 | 5.5 ± 2.4 | 6.1 ± 2.4 b | † | |
| Hemoglobine (gr/dL) | C | 12.3 ± 1.1 a,b | 10.4 ± 1.4 a | 10.9 ± 1.6 | 10.7 ± 1.5 | 9.2 ± 1.6 | 8.9 ± 1.4 | 10.3 ± 1.5 b | |
| MB5 | 11.8 ± 1.3 a,b | 10.6 ± 1.1 a | 11.7 ± 1.3 | 11.2 ± 1.5 | 10.1 ± 1.7 | 10.0 ± 1.4 | 10.9 ± 1.4 b | ||
| MB20 | 12.2 ± 1.2 a,b | 10.5 ± 1.8 a | 10.8 ± 2.0 | 10.1 ± 1.7 | 9.9 ± 1.8 | 9.7 ± 1.9 | 10.3 ± 1.4 b | ||
Legend: Data are expressed as mean ± SD. The reperfusion column represents the average value of the different periods of reperfusion
a Significant difference (P < 0.05) between baseline and ischemia. b Significant difference (P < 0.05) between baseline and reperfusion. c Significant difference (P < 0.05) between reperfusion and ischemia
♯. Significant difference (P < 0.05) between Control and MB5 in reperfusion. ● Significant difference (P < 0.05) between Control and MB20 in reperfusion.
†. Significant difference (p < 0.05) between MB5 and MB20 in reperfusion