Table 2.
Population characteristics by gender (values are percentages unless stated otherwise). The EDEN mother-child cohort
| Boys | Girls | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics at inclusion or delivery | N = 750 | N = 686 | |
| Maternal education | No diploma | 24.1 | 23.6 |
| High school diploma | 16.9 | 18.7 | |
| 2-year university degree | 23.1 | 22.3 | |
| ≥ 3-year university degree | 35.9 | 35.4 | |
| Maternal age at delivery (y), mean (SD) | 29.8 (4.7) | 29.8 (4.8) | |
| Primiparous (yes) | 46.6 | 48.3 | |
| Child behavioral characteristics at 2 years of age | N = 750b | N = 686b | |
| French fries/chips | Never | 8.7 | 8.7 |
| < 1 time/month | 18.8 | 19.4 | |
| 1–3 times/month | 47.4 | 44.3 | |
| 1–3 times/week | 23.4 | 26.0 | |
| 4–6 times/week | 1.5 | 1.3 | |
| 1 time/day | 0.1 | 0.3 | |
| Several times/day | 0.1 | 0.0 | |
| Sweetened beverages at meals (yes) | 20.5 | 12.4 | |
| Cooked vegetables | Never | 1.2 | 0.7 |
| < 1 time/month | 1.5 | 1.0 | |
| 1–3 times/month | 7.3 | 6.6 | |
| 1–3 times/week | 22.8 | 22.8 | |
| 4–6 times/week | 26.8 | 26.1 | |
| 1 time/day | 29.0 | 29.0 | |
| Several times/day | 11.4 | 13.8 | |
| TV/DVD watching time | 0 min/day | 12.3 | 11.8 |
| > 0 to ≤30 min/day | 40.5 | 43.8 | |
| > 30 to ≤60 min/day | 25.9 | 21.4 | |
| > 60 min/day | 21.3 | 23.0 | |
| TV on during meals | Never | 39.3 | 41.2 |
| Sometimes | 26.5 | 28.6 | |
| Often | 21.1 | 19.4 | |
| Always | 13.2 | 10.8 | |
| Total sleep duration, h/d, mean (SD) | 13 h09 (0 h58) | 13 h13 (0 h59) | |
| Outdoor play time, h/d, mean (SD) | Spring | 2 h11 (1 h07) | 1 h55 (1 h08) |
| Summer | 2 h37 (1 h19) | 2 h31 (1 h09) | |
| Autumn | 1 h50 (1 h05) | 1 h37 (0 h57) | |
| Winter | 1 h17 (0 h46) | 1 h09 (0 h42) | |
| Child anthropometry at 2 years of age | N = 747 | N = 686 | |
| Prevalence of overweight (including obesity), IOTF a | 4.8 | 4.1 | |
| Child behavioral characteristics at 5 years of age | N = 633b | N = 562b | |
| French fries/chips | Never | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| < 1 time/month | 12.0 | 11.4 | |
| 1–3 times/month | 51.4 | 56.2 | |
| 1–3 times/week | 34.6 | 30.6 | |
| 4–6 times/week | 1.1 | 0.7 | |
| 1 time/day | 0.5 | 0.4 | |
| Several times/day | 0.0 | 0.2 | |
| Sweetened beverages at meals (yes) | 19.8 | 16.6 | |
| Cooked vegetables | Never | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| < 1 time/month | 2.5 | 1.1 | |
| 1–3 times/month | 7.6 | 7.5 | |
| 1–3 times/week | 32.2 | 33.9 | |
| 4–6 times/week | 29.5 | 28.4 | |
| 1 time/day | 20.8 | 18.9 | |
| Several times/day | 6.7 | 9.6 | |
| TV/DVD watching time, h/d, mean (SD) | 1 h23 (0 h47) | 1 h15 (0 h47) | |
| TV on during meals | Never | 35.8 | 36.5 |
| Sometimes | 32.4 | 34.9 | |
| Often | 21.2 | 19.6 | |
| Always | 10.6 | 9.1 | |
| Participation in organized sports (yes) | 48.2 | 51.8 | |
| Outdoor play time, h/d, mean (SD) | Spring | 1 h53 (0 h56) | 1 h44 (0 h50) |
| Summer | 1 h59 (1 h07) | 1 h50 (0 h56) | |
| Autumn | 1 h24 (0 h44) | 1 h16 (0 h46) | |
| Winter | 1 h24 (1 h00) | 1 h04 (0 h46) | |
| Night sleep duration, h/d, mean (SD) | 10 h51 (0 h29) | 10 h54 (0 h27) | |
| Child anthropometry at 5 years of age | N = 592 | N = 509 | |
| Prevalence of overweight (including obesity) IOTF a | 5.7 | 9.4 | |
| Body fat percentage, mean (SD) | 12.5 (2.8) | 16.6 (3.2) | |
Bold figures indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05) for Chi2 test or t-test
Abbreviations: h hours, d day, SD Standard deviation
aInternational Obesity Task Force cut-off
bN may deviate from total sample size because of missing values for behavioral variables