Fig. 2.

Benchmark dose-response modeling of apical endpoints (A) Ki67 labeling index (Ki67-LI) and (B) plasma ALT. Best fitted model for exponential (left panel) and Hill (right panel) model families were determined based on the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) using PROAST v66.16 in R. Red triangles represent mean values and whiskers show confidence interval. Dose is plotted on a log10-scale while the level of the control sample is placed at an arbitrary level lower than the lowest dose on the log-transformed x-axis, denoted by blue circles. The critical effect dose (CED, equivalent to BMD) and its lower and upper confidence limits (CEDL and CEDU, respectively, equivalent to BMDL and BMDU) were determined at a critical effect size (equivalent to BMR) or 10%.