Table 3.
Logistic regression predicting mild ICD-10 post-concussional syndrome for boys with ADHD.
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Bootstrapped | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (CI) | Odds ratio (CI) | Odds ratio (CI) | % with mild ICD-10 post-concussional syndrome | |
| LD | 1.63 (1.28–2.09)** | 1.41 (1.07–1.86)* | 1.41 (1.06–1.89)* | LD absent: 27.1%LD present: 36.0% |
| Academic problems | 1.30 (1.05–1.62)** | 1.03 (0.81–1.32) | 1.03 (0.81–1.33) | Academic problems absent: 27.6%Academic problems present: 31.7% |
| Prior concussions | 1.10 (0.97–1.26) | 0.99 (0.87–1.14) | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | 0: 28.2% 1: 28.6% 2: 28.6% 3+: 39.2% |
| Tx for migraines | 2.08 (1.49–2.90)** | 1.91 (1.35–2.69)** | 1.91 (1.33–2.68)** | Migraine tx hx absent: 26.4% Migraine tx hx: present: 43.2% |
| Tx for substance abuse | 2.29 (1.37–3.83)** | 1.59 (0.92–2.71) | 1.59 (0.88–2.80) | Substance abuse tx hx absent: 27.3% Substance abuse tx hx: present: 47.1% |
| Tx for psych. condition | 2.70 (2.12–3.42)** | 2.44 (1.91–3.12)** | 2.44 (1.93–3.17)** | Psych. condition tx hx absent: 23.6% Psych. condition tx hx: present: 45.7% |
CI, 95% confidence interval; LD, Learning disability; ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Tx, Treatment.
Symptom ratings were derived from the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, a dimensional scale that includes 22 items that are rated from zero to six, with 1–2 being mild, 3–4 being moderate, and 5–6 being severe. No athlete reported sustaining a concussion in the past 6 months. Therefore, these percentages should be considered the rates of presumed false positive diagnoses of mild post-concussional syndrome (however, it is possible that some of the athletes with a history of concussion could be conceptualized as true positive diagnoses—this is unknowable, however, because these are preseason survey data). To meet diagnostic criteria, the student must endorse one or more symptoms in 3 out of 4 symptom domains: Physical Symptoms (headache, dizziness, balance problem, noise sensitive, light sensitive, and/or fatigue), Emotional Symptoms (irritability, sadness, nervousness, and/or feeling more emotional), Cognitive Symptoms (poor concentration, poor memory, and/or feeling mentally foggy), and Insomnia (trouble falling asleep and/or sleeping less than usual). The symptom domain must have been endorsed as simply “present” (i.e., mild or greater symptoms) or as moderate or severe.
signifies statistical significance at the 0.05 level,
signifies significance at the 0.01 level.