Supplement Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of the presence of chronic kidney disease

Variable	CKD, n (%)		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	Yes (n=6098)	No (n=31,727)	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Age (years)	-	-	1.03 (1.03-1.03)	<0.001	1.01 (1.01-1.01)	<0.001
Gender (male)	2520	10,768	1.37 (1.30-1.45)	<0.001	1.27 (1.17-1.38)	<0.001
Current smoking	239	792	1.59 (1.38-1.85)	<0.001	1.54 (1.27-1.88)	<0.001
Diabetes	806	1699	2.69 (2.46-2.94)	<0.001	1.54 (1.35-1.76)	<0.001
Hypertension	1993	5406	2.36 (2.22-2.51)	<0.001	1.46 (1.33-1.61)	<0.001
Abdominal obesity	172	639	1.41 (1.19-1.68)	<0.001	-	-
Systolic BP (per 10 mmHg)	-	-	1.61 (1.51-1.70)	<0.001	1.09 (1.00-1.19)	0.049
ALT (mg/dL)	-	-	1.35 (1.27-1.43)	<0.001	1.10 (1.00-1.22)	0.06
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	-	-	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	0.12	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	0.021
Low HDL	2119	7900	1.00 (1.00-1.00)	0.91	-	-
High TG	1669	6934	1.30 (1.25-1.35)	<0.001	-	-
No NAFLD	2027	12,589	1.0 (reference)	-	1.0 (reference)	-
NAFLD	4071	19,138	1.32 (1.25-1.40)	<0.001	1.13 (1.04-1.23)	0.004

BP: Blood pressure, HDL: High density lipoprotein, NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, TG: Triglyceride, eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL: High-density lipoprotein, OR: Odds ratio, CI: Confidence interval, ALT: Alanine aminotransferase, CKD: Chronic kidney disease. Abdominal obesity defined by individuals with waist circumference of ≥90 cm in men; ≥80 cm in women. CKD defined by individuals with eGFR ≤60 mL/min per 1.73 m² or presence of proteinuria. High TG defined by individuals with triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL. Low HDL defined by individuals with HDL <40 mg/dL in men; <50 mg/dL in women