Table 5.
Outcome Data By Group*.
| Group Means | Within‐Group Mean Change | Between Group Mean Difference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | DN | Control | DN | ||
| 8 Week Follow‐Up | |||||
| Flexion PROM | 153.2 ± 15.60 | 153.9 ± 12.40 | 25.2 (19.58, 30.71) | 19.7 (11.85, 27.62) | ‐5.5 (‐14.77, 3.95) |
| ER PROM | 50.5 ± 17.00 | 51.5 ± 18.80 | 21.9 (15.68, 28.11) | 21.5 (16.46, 26.59) | ‐0.40 (‐8.13, 7.38) |
| IR PROM | 55 ± 15.44 | 57.3 ± 11.36 | 18.2 (10.15, 26.14) | 12.8 (6.39. 19.33) | ‐5.40 (‐15.23, 4.67) |
| Hand to Neck | 0.8 ± .95 | 0.68 ± .67 | ‐1.30 (‐1.78, ‐0.81) | ‐1.62 (‐2.26, ‐1.00) | ‐0.32 (‐1.09, 0.43) |
| Hand to Scapula | 1.35 ± .93 | 1.16 ± .83 | ‐1.0 (‐1.34, ‐.066) | ‐1.37 (‐1.73. ‐1.00) | ‐0.37 (‐0.85, 0.11) |
| Hand to Opp. Scapula | 0.30 ± .57 | 0.42 ± .61 | ‐0.90 (‐1.23, ‐0.56) | ‐0.95 (‐1.28, ‐0.61) | ‐0.05 (‐0.51, 0.41) |
| GROC | 5.5 ± 1.53 | 5.32 ± 1.29 | 0.65(‐.021, 1.51) | 0.79 (‐0.04, 1.62) | 0.14 (‐1.01, 1.29) |
| NPRS | 1.8 ± 1.87 | 2.2 ± 1.71 | ‐0.75 (‐1.32, ‐0.13) | ‐0.01 (‐1.20, 1.14) | 0.74 (‐0.58, 1.98) |
| PSFS | 6.47 ± 2.69 | 5.87 ± 2.69 | 2.94 (2.09, 3.77) | 2.95 (2.28, 3.62) | 0.01 (‐1.03, 1.06) |
| SPADI | 18.1 ± 13.79 | 19.3 ± 16.92 | ‐23.3 (‐28.17, ‐18.34) | ‐23.5 (‐32.20, ‐14,76) | ‐0.20 ( ‐9.98, 9.53) |
| 12 Week Follow‐Up | |||||
| Flexion PROM | 165.2 ± 12.30 | 164.5 ± 12.70 | 37.2 (30.53, 43.81) | 30.3 (24.19, 36.54) | ‐6.90 (‐15.56, 1.96) |
| ER PROM | 66.0 ± 13.8 | 64.4 ± 14.30 | 37.4 (28.47, 46.22) | 34.4 (29.15, 39.74) | ‐3.00 (‐12.96, 7.16) |
| IR PROM | 63.8 ± 9.6 | 68.9 ± 10.03 | 27.0 (19.26, 34.78) | 24.4 (16.28, 32.67) | ‐2.60 (‐13.45, 8.35) |
| Hand Neck | 0.20 ± .52 | 0.32 ± .48 | ‐1.9 (‐2.42, ‐1.37) | ‐1.98 (‐2.64, ‐1.35) | ‐0.08 (‐0.90, 0.70) |
| Hand to Scapula | 0.80 ± .69 | 0.74 ± .73 | ‐1.55 (‐1.91, ‐1.19) | ‐1.79 (‐2.20, ‐1.37) | ‐0.24 (‐0.76, 0.29) |
| Hand to Opp. Scapula | 0.15 ± .37 | 0.11 ± .32 | ‐1.05 (‐1.37, ‐0.73) | ‐1.26 (‐1.58, ‐0.95) | ‐0.21 (‐0.65, 0.22) |
| GROC | 5.95 ± 1.09 | 5.58 ± 2.14 | 1.1 (0.46, 1.74) | 1.05 (‐0.37, 2.47) | ‐0.05 (‐1.58, 1.48) |
| NPRS | 1.45 ± 2.04 | 1.07 ± 1.54 | ‐1.1 (‐1.85, ‐0.35) | ‐1.14 (‐1.76, ‐0.51) | ‐0.04 (‐0.98, 0.92) |
| PSFS | 7.79 ± 2.42 | 6.91 ± 2.71 | 4.26 (3.42, 5.09) | 3.99 (3.09, 4.89) | ‐0.27 (‐1.45, 0.93) |
| SPADI | 8.0 ± 7.01 | 10.87 ± 13.00 | ‐33.4 (‐39.69, ‐27.01) | ‐31.9 (‐40.47, ‐23.42) | 1.47 (‐8.87, 11.70) |
| 6 Month Follow‐Up | |||||
| Flexion PROM | 178.7 ± 4.66 | 171.02 ± 11.49 | 50.7 (43.62, 57.68) | 36.8 (29.19, 44.44) | ‐13.83 (‐23.86, ‐3.81) |
| ER PROM | 82.13 ± 12.21 | 77.97 ± 16.32 | 53.45 (43.17, 63.74) | 47.97 (39.38, 56.57) | ‐5.47 (‐18.44, 7.49) |
| IR PROM | 66.13 ± 12.64 | 71.92 ± 10.29 | 29.33 (21.44, 37.21) | 27.45 (19.45. 35.44) | ‐1.87 (‐12.73, 8.97) |
| Hand to Neck | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.16 ± 0.37 | ‐2.10 (‐2.67, ‐1.53) | ‐2.16 (‐2.74, ‐1.57) | ‐0.06(‐0.85, 0.73) |
| Hand to Scapula | 0.45 ± .51 | 0.63 ± 0.59 | ‐1.9 (‐2.3, ‐1.5) | ‐1.89 (‐2.32. ‐1.47) | ‐0.01 (‐0.56, 0.57) |
| Hand to Opp. Scapula | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.10 ± 0.32 | ‐1.2 (‐1.56, ‐0.84) | ‐1.26 (‐1.58, ‐0.95) | ‐0.06 (‐0.53, 0.40) |
| GROC | 6.6 ± 0.60 | 5.48 ± 2.72 | 1.75(1.23, 2.27) | 0.95 (‐0.63, 2.53) | ‐0.80 (‐2.44, 0.84) |
| NPRS | 0.90 ± 1.65 | 1.52 ± 2.17 | ‐1.65 (‐2.55, ‐0.75) | ‐0.68 (‐1.66, 0.29) | 0.97 (‐0.32, 2.24) |
| PSFS | 9.21 ± 1.66 | 8.63 ± 2.09 | 5.67 (4.69, 6.65) | 5.69 (4.63, 6.76) | 0.02 (‐1.38, 1.42) |
| SPADI | 1.96 ± 1.83 | 6.29 ± 9.83 | ‐39.43 (‐47.29, ‐31.5) | ‐36.53 (‐46.98, ‐26.07) | 2.91 ( ‐9.76, 15.57) |
DN = Dry Needling; SD = standard deviation; Within Group Mean Change = Change from baseline to follow‐up; PROM = Passive range of motion; Hand to Neck = Hand to neck functional range of motion; Hand to Scapula = Hand to scapula functional range of motion; Hand to Opp. Scapula = Hand to opposite scapula functional range of motion; GROC = Global rating of change functional outcome score; NPRS = Numeric pain rating scale; PSFS = Patient specific functional scale; SPADI = Shoulder pain and disability index functional outcome measure.
*Outcome values at each time point are mean ± SD (95% confidence interval) and values for change scores are mean (95% confidence interval) and values for change scores are mean (95% confidence interval). Values reported represent intention to treat analysis.