Table 3.

Effects of the sodium bicarbonate intervention on the primary (urinary TGF-β1) and secondary outcomes (urinary fibronectin, KIM-1, NGAL, and albumin)

Outcome	Primary Outcome		Secondary Outcomes
	TGF-β1/Cr		Fibronectin/Cr		KIM-1/Cr		NGAL/Cr		Albumin/Cr
	Sodium Bicarbonate	Placebo	Sodium Bicarbonate	Placebo	Sodium Bicarbonate	Placebo	Sodium Bicarbonate	Placebo	Sodium Bicarbonate	Placebo
Within-group Δ from baseline
At mo 3	2% (−18% to 27%)	−11% (−28% to 10%)	6% (−19% to 37%)	3% (−20% to 32%)	−7% (−36% to 36%)	−13% (−40% to 25%)	−35% (−59% to 2%)	2% (−34% to 58%)	22% (−2 to 52)	9% (−12% to 36%)
At mo 6	13% (−6% to 36%)	3% (−15% to 24%)	12% (−9% to 38%)	−1% (−20% to 23%)	−16% (−38% to 14%)	12% (−18% to 52%)	−21% (−46% to 16%)	10% (−26% to 64%)	9% (−19% to 46%)	19% (−12% to 60%)
Over mo 3 and 6	8% (−10% to 28%)	−4% (−19% to 13%)	9% (−9% to 31%)	1% (−16% to 21%)	−11% (−33% to 17%)	−2% (−25% to 29%)	−29% (−49% to 0%)	6% (−24% to 48%)	21% (−3% to 51%)	12% (−11% to 40%)
	Sodium Bicarbonate versus Placebo		Sodium Bicarbonate versus Placebo		Sodium Bicarbonate versus Placebo		Sodium Bicarbonate versus Placebo		Sodium Bicarbonate versus Placebo
Difference in change from baseline
At mo 3	15% (−13% to 53%)		3% (−27% to 45%)		7% (−36% to 81%)		−36% (−65% to 16%)		12% (−18% to 52%)
At mo 6	10% (−14% to 41%)		13% (−16% to 51%)		−25% (−50% to 13%)		−28% (−58% to 22%)		−9% (−40% to 38%)
Over mo 3 and 6	13% (−10% to 40%)		8% (−15% to 37%)		−10% (−38% to 31%)		−33% (−56% to 4%)		1% (−25% to 36%)

Data are shown as geometric mean percentage change (95% confidence intervals). Positive values for difference in change indicate that the change was greater in the sodium bicarbonate group. Cr, creatinine; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.