Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants enrolled from outpatient nephrology clinics, transplant clinics, and local dialysis units in Western Pennsylvania as part of a study investigating factors contributing to sleep apnea
| Characteristic | All, n=180 | AHI≤5, n=52 | AHI >5 to ≤15, n=45 | AHI >15 to ≤30, n=42 | AHI>30, n=41 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, yr | 54 (14) | 48 (15) | 54 (15) | 59 (12) | 56 (12) |
| Male | 113 (63%) | 26 (50%) | 20 (46%) | 35 (81%) | 32 (78%) |
| Race | |||||
| White | 118 (66%) | 36 (69%) | 29 (66%) | 27 (63%) | 26 (63%) |
| Black | 56 (31%) | 14 (27%) | 14 (32%) | 14 (33%) | 14 (34%) |
| Asian/Pacific | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (2%) |
| American Indian | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Others | 2 (1%) | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Body mass index | 27.8 (5.6) | 26.2 (4.8) | 27.9 (5.6) | 28.7 (6.1) | 29.0 (5.8) |
| Ever smoked | 99 (58%) | 25 (50%) | 23 (58%) | 24 (57%) | 27 (68%) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Kidney disease | |||||
| CKD | 88 (49%) | 31 (60%) | 19 (43%) | 18 (42%) | 20 (49%) |
| ESKD | 92 (51%) | 21 (40%) | 25 (57%) | 25 (58%) | 21 (51%) |
| Dialysis vintage, moa | 18 [9; 44] | 11 [6; 26] | 19 [9; 39] | 26 [12; 52] | 18 [10; 34] |
| Diabetes | 65 (39%) | 10 (22%) | 16 (40%) | 22 (54%) | 17 (45%) |
| Hypertension | 148 (89%) | 45 (90%) | 35 (90%) | 31 (78%) | 37 (97%) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 45 (25%) | 10 (19%) | 13 (30%) | 11 (26%) | 11 (27%) |
| Medication use | |||||
| Antidepressants | 22 (13%) | 5 (10%) | 5 (12%) | 6 (15%) | 6 (16%) |
| Benzodiazepines | 13 (8%) | 3 (6%) | 5 (12%) | 4 (10%) | 1 (3%) |
| Laboratory measurements | |||||
| Albumin, g/dl | 3.9 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.6) | 3.9 (0.3) | 3.7 (0.6) | 3.9 (0.5) |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 6.8 (3.6) | 6.2 (3.5) | 6.6 (3.7) | 6.9 (3.4) | 7.3 (4.0) |
| Bicarbonate, mEq/L | 24 (3.8) | 23 (3.7) | 24 (3.1) | 25 (4.6) | 23 (3.7) |
| Hemoglobin, mg/dl | 11.8 (1.4) | 12.0 (1.5) | 11.9 (1.4) | 11.6 (1.6) | 11.9 (1.3) |
| Dialysis adequacy, Kt/va | 1.6 (0.4) | 1.8 (0.4) | 1.8 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.5) |
| Phosphate, mg/dl | 5.1 (1.6) | 4.8 (1.2) | 5.0 (1.5) | 5.2 (1.5) | 5.6 (1.9) |
| Parathyroid hormone, pg/ml | 266 (334) | 216 (180) | 188 (163) | 212 (149) | 424 (555) |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2b | 18 (7) | 17 (5) | 20 (6) | 18 (8) | 18 (10) |
| Sleep measures | |||||
| Apnea hypopnea index, events/h | 21.1 (25.0) | 2.5 (1.5) | 8.7 (2.9) | 21.5 (4.2) | 57.6 (28.0) |
| Sleep efficiency, % | 71.7 (15.7) | 77.2 (11.5) | 71.2 (18.1) | 69.5 (15.2) | 67.5 (16.8) |
| Periodic leg movement index, events/h | 37.5 [14.6; 73] | 19.9 [7.99; 66.4] | 34.2 [20.7; 76.2] | 52.4 [33.9; 90.0] | 38.2 [15.8; 55.9] |
| Total sleep duration, h | 5.7 (1.9) | 6.3 (1.5) | 5.4 (1.9) | 5.3 (1.9) | 5.5 (2.1) |
| Nocturnal hypoxemia, % | 1.0 [0.0; 6.8] | 0.0 [0.0; 0.2] | 0.9 [0.2; 2.2] | 3.3 [0.3; 12.2] | 6.9 [2.3; 15.1] |
| Mean oxygen saturation, % | 94.2 (2.3) | 95.6 (2.0) | 94.3 (2.1) | 93.3 (2.4) | 93.5 (2.2) |
| Oxygen desaturation index, events/h | 5.6 [1.2; 15.0] | 0.3 [0.0; 1.2] | 4.4 [2.5; 6.8] | 13.4 [7.8; 16.0] | 28.2 [14.8; 38.4] |
| Obstructive apnea hypopnea index, events/h | 12.3 [4.0; 25.9] | 2.4 [1.1; 3.2] | 7.1 [6.2; 9.9] | 19.9 [17.2; 23.5] | 41.4 [33.4; 60.5] |
| Central apnea hypopnea index, events/h | 0.1 [0.0; 0.6] | 0.0 [0.0; 0.2] | 0.2 [0.0; 0.4] | 0.0 [0.0; 0.7] | 0.3 [0.0; 3.4] |
Table shows mean (SD), median [quartile 1; quartile 3], or frequency (%). API, apnea hypopnea index.
a
For patients with ESKD only.
b
For patients with CKD only.