Table 1.
Characteristics of participants in the Indian Chronic Kidney Disease study (n=2919)
| Characteristics | Mean±SD, Median (25th, 75th Percentile) or N (%) | Missing N (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomic factors | ||
| Center-wise distribution | 0 (0) | |
| Chandigarh and Shimlaa | 596 (20) | |
| Lucknow | 392 (13) | |
| Varanasi | 118 (4) | |
| Kolkata | 216 (7) | |
| Bhopal | 242 (8) | |
| Nadiad | 202 (7) | |
| Hyderabad | 392 (13) | |
| Chennai | 83 (3) | |
| Vellore | 284 (9) | |
| Pondicherry | 394 (13) | |
| Sex (men) | 2009 (69) | 0 (0) |
| Age, yr | 50±12 | 0 (0) |
| Education | 13 (0.4) | |
| Uneducated | 747 (26) | |
| Below high school | 911 (31) | |
| Completed school | 421 (14) | |
| College and above | 827 (28) | |
| Rural residence | 1916 (65) | 47 (2) |
| Hazardous occupational exposureb | 1241 (42) | 13 (0.4) |
| Vegetarian diet | 1094 (37) | 45 (1) |
| History of hypertension | 2101 (72) | 22 (0.8) |
| History of diabetes | 998 (34) | 22 (0.8) |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 416 (14) | 18 (0.6) |
| History of use of alternative drugs or medicines | 722 (25) | 30 (1) |
| Tobacco use | 917 (31) | 31 (1) |
| Medical insurance available | 781 (27) | 40 (1) |
| Annual income (United States dollars) | 2000 (1000, 5000) | 24 (0.8) |
| Medical characteristics | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25±5 | 99 (3) |
| <17.9 | 1189 (41) | |
| 18–24.9 | 1458 (50) | |
| >25 | 173 (6) | |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 134±20 | 162 (5) |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 84±12 | 168 (6) |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 41.9 (35, 52) | |
| 30–44.9 | 1738 (59) | |
| >45–59.9 | 810 (28) | |
| >60 | 371 (13) | |
| Albuminuria (dipstick positive) | 1049 (36) | 148 (5) |
| Nil | 1722 (59) | 148 (5) |
| Trace | 281 (10) | |
| 1+ | 287 (10) | |
| 2+ | 228 (8) | |
| 3+ | 173 (6) | |
| 4+ | 80 (3) | |
| Causes of CKD | ||
| Unknown | 727 (25) | |
| Diabetic kidney disease | 593 (20) | |
| Chronic interstitial nephritis | 581 (20) | |
| GN | 368 (13) | |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 90 (3) | |
| Hypertensive nephrosclerosis | 213 (7) | |
| Others | 347 (12) |
Rural residents are defined as participants residing in villages. Vegetarian indicates the consumption of plant-based food and milk/milk products. BMI, body mass index.
a
Participants from Shimla and Chandigarh are presented together because of geographic certainty and small numbers of participants from Shimla.
b
Occupational exposure: work amid sand, dust, chemicals, or animals or working barefoot in fields.