Ligustrazine inhibits the upregulation of NOD2 following I/R in a rat model. (A) Relative quantitation of mRNA levels of NOD2 by RT-qPCR analysis in kidneys from different groups. (B) Representative western blots and summarized data showing the protein levels of NOD2 in kidneys from different groups. (C) Representative photomicrographs of NOD2 IHC staining in the tubules and glomeruli of kidneys from different groups. Bars, 100 µm (magnification, ×200). (D) Quantitative analysis of IHC staining showing increased expression of NOD2 in the tubules and glomeruli of rats after I/R, which was significantly decreased with ligustrazine administration. *P<0.05 vs. sham-operated rats (n=9), #P<0.05 vs. I/R rats (n=9). Ligu, ligustrazine; I/R, ischemia/reperfusion; NOD2, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2; IHC, immunohistochemistry.