Table 2.

Overarching meta-themes identified from GP and patient interviews

Meta-theme	GP view	Patient view	Associated TDF domains
1. Patient knowledge of UTIs	Women are very knowledgeable about their UTI	There is a large variation in patient knowledge: first experience prevalence types of UTI and causes of urinary symptoms	Knowledge Skills Professional role and identity Beliefs about capabilities Beliefs about consequences Memory, attention, and decision making Environmental context and resources Social influence
2. View of the consultation	Majority are telephone consultations Listen to the patient symptoms Query red-flag symptoms Decide on appropriate treatment	Many find the consultation frustrating Do not feel like they are being listened to Feel that GP views them as a catch-up consultation	Knowledge Skills Professional role and identity Beliefs about capabilities Beliefs about consequences Memory, attention, and decision making Environmental context and resources Emotion
3. Treatment expectations	Women generally expect antibiotics	Do not want a quick fix: wants advice wants reassurance	Skills Professional role and identity Beliefs about consequences Intentions Goals Memory, attention, and decision making Environmental context and resources Social influence Emotion
4. Self-care, safety netting, and prevention	Mainly give safety-netting advice Other advice usually only given to more experienced patients Do not give preventive advice as there is no evidence base	It is the less experienced, not the more experienced, who want self-care advice Value prevention advice Seek information elsewhere	Knowledge Skills Professional role and identity Beliefs about capabilities Beliefs about consequences Reinforcement Goals Memory, attention, and decision making Environmental context and resources Social influence Emotion Behavioural regulation
5. Awareness of AMR	Aware that AMR is a major issue Have observed UTI treatment failure AMR needs to be addressed	Aware of the AMR issue Misunderstanding of what exactly it is Concerned antibiotics will not be prescribed in the future	Knowledge Skills Beliefs about consequences Goals Memory, attention, and decision making Social influence Emotion Behavioural regulation

AMR = antimicrobial resistance. TDF = Theoretical Domains Framework. UTI = urinary tract infection.