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3D printing multi-material process to create the 4D printed artificial pine scales. Several different raster patterns were produced using ABS and WPC to test and evaluate suitable bilayer architectures. (a) After printing, all samples are laminar and have no curvature in either longitudinal or axial directions. (b) Photo of 3D printing process exposing ‘weave’ architecture at multiple states of print completion. (Online version in colour.)
