Fig 3. Mediation models of the pathway from breast milk feeding frequency at 1 month to infant cognitive development scores at 24 months via HMO 2’FL at 1 month.

Path A is the path from breast milk feeding frequency (exposure) to 2’FL (mediator). Path B is the path from 2’FL (mediator) to infant cognitive development scores (outcome). Path C is the path from breast milk feeding frequency (exposure) to infant cognitive development scores (outcome). Path C’ is the path from breast milk feeding frequency (exposure) to infant cognitive development scores (outcome) when controlled for 2’FL (mediator). Standardized (B) coefficients with p values are presented. All models were adjusted for the following control variables: maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, secretor status, education level, infant age, infant sex, and infant birth weight.