Table 1. Characteristics of patients with former septic shock, sepsis or severe infections without organ dysfunction each compared to matched controls.
| Variable | Septic shock (n = 2,440) |
Controls (n = 2440) |
P-value | Sepsis (n = 53,085) |
Controls (n = 53,085) |
P-value | Severe infections (n = 28,449) |
Controls (n = 28,449) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matched characteristics | |||||||||
| Age yrs. (±SD) | 75.1 (±10.9) | 75.1 (±10.9) | 0.999 | 78.3 (±10.5) | 78.2 (±10.5) | 0.515 | 75.4 (12.6) | 75.4 (±12.6) | 0.875 |
| Male sex n,(%) | 1427 (58.5%) | 1427 (58.5%) | 1.000 | 27579 (52.0%) | 27579 (52.0%) | 1.000 | 14753 (51.9%) | 14753 (51.9%) | 1.000 |
| CCI prior to event (±SD) | 4.6 (±3.3) | 4.6 (±3.3) | 0.997 | 4.8 (±3.3) | 4.8 (±3.3) | 0.934 | 4.4 (±3.4) | 4.4 (±3.4) | 0.934 |
| No of comorbidities | 2.4 (± 2.3) | 2.4 (±2.2) | 0.765 | 2.6 (± 2.4) | 2.6 (±2.3) | 0.402 | 2.0 (± 2.1) | 2.0 (±2.2) | 0.702 |
| Degree of nursing care dependency at admission, n (%) | 0.991 | 0.986 | |||||||
| - none | 1486 (60.9%) | 1489 (61.0%) | 27472 (51.8%) | 27491 (51.8%) | 16158 (56.8%) | 16184 (56.9%) | |||
| - 1 | 442 (18.1%) | 441 (18.1%) | 12117 (22.8%) | 12119 (22.8%) | 5115 (18.0%) | 5113 (18.0%) | |||
| - 2 | 400 (16.4%) | 401 (16.4%) | 10746 (20.2%) | 7367 (20.2%) | 5267 (18.5%) | 5270 (18.5%) | |||
| - 3 | 112 (4.6%) | 109 (4.5%) | 2750 (5.2%) | 2728 (5.1%) | 1909 (6.7%) | 1882 (6.6%) | |||
| Year of admission, n (%) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
| - 2009 | 207 (8.5%) | 207 (8.5%) | 5279 (9.9%) | 5279 (9.9%) | 3480 (12.2%) | 3480 (12.2%) | |||
| - 2010 | 254 (10.1%) | 254 (10.1%) | 5447 (10.3%) | 5447 (10.3%) | 3355 (11.8%) | 3355 (11.8%) | |||
| - 2011 | 288 (11.8%) | 288 (11.8%) | 5638(10.6%) | 5638(10.6%) | 3268(11.5%) | 3268(11.5%) | |||
| - 2012 | 261 (10.7%) | 261 (10.7%) | 6072 (11.4%) | 6072 (11.4%) | 3332 (11.7%) | 3332 (11.7%) | |||
| - 2013 | 320 (13.1%) | 320 (13.1%) | 6450 (12.2%) | 6450 (12.2%) | 3455 (12.1%) | 3455 (12.1%) | |||
| - 2014 | 346 (14.2%) | 346 (14.2%) | 7088 (13.4%) | 7088 (13.4%) | 3802(13.4%) | 3802(13.4%) | |||
| - 2015 | 378 (15.5%) | 378 (15.5%) | 8202 (15.4%) | 8202 (15.4%) | 3808 (13.4%) | 3808 (13.4%) | |||
| - 2016 | 392 (16.1%) | 392 (16.1%) | 8909 (16.8%) | 8909 (16.8%) | 3949(13.9%) | 3949(13.9%) | |||
| Hospital LOS, days (IQR) | 15 (6;31) | 15 (6;30) | 0.981 | 15 (7;26) | 15 (6;26) | 0.936 | 11 (7;20) | 11 (7;21) | 0.964 |
| Unmatched characteristics | |||||||||
| Comorbid condition, n (%) | |||||||||
| - COPD | 660 (27.1%) | 1742 (24.1%) | <0.001 | 14013 (26.4%) | 13031 (24.5%) | <0.001 | 6252 (22.0%) | 6427 (22.6%) | 0.061 |
| - Ischemic heart disease | 1061 (43.5%) | 3142 (43.5%) | 0.973 | 25150 (47.4%) | 24714 (46.6%) | 0.973 | 11497 (40.4%) | 12117 (42.6%) | <0.001 |
| - Diabetes mellitus | 1112 (45.6%) | 3220 (44.5%) | 0.216 | 26167 (49.3%) | 24694 (46.5%) | 0.001 | 12564 (44.2%) | 12175 (42.8%) | <0.001 |
| - Malignant—neoplasms | 693 (28.4%) | 2366 (32.7%) | <0.001 | 14057 (26.5%) | 17643 (32.8%) | <0.001 | 8667 (30.5%) | 8840 (31.1%) | 0.094 |
| - None of the above | 449 (20.5%) | 1442 (19.9%) | 0.431 | 9739 (18.3%) | 9606 (18.1%) | 0.199 | 6283 (22.1%) | 6230 (21.9%) | 0.564 |
| - Case Mix Index (±SD) | 8.4 (±10.4) | 1.5 (±1.7) | <0.001 | 4.3 (±7.1) | 1.3 (±1.4) | <0.001 | 2.4 (±4.1) | 1.3 (±1.4) | <0.001 |
| Time-dependent risk of 5-year mortality in matched hospital survivors | |||||||||
| Crude hazard ratio (HRcrude) | 1.70 (1.57–1.84) | 1.00 (reference) | <0.001 | 1.66 (1.63–1.69) | 1.00 (reference) | <0.001 | 1.59 (.54–1.63) | 1.00 (reference) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted hazard ratio (HRadj)* | 2.03 (1.87–2.19) | 1.00 (reference) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.71–1.76) | 1.00 (reference) | <0.001 | 1.70 (1.65–1.74) | 1.00 (reference) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as n (%); means (±SD); median, IQR: interquartile ranges (25th, 75th percentile), hazard ratios were provided with corresponding 95%-CI; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index, LOS: length of stay; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; degree 1 of nursing care dependency: significant; degree 2 of nursing care dependency: severe; degree 3 of nursing care dependency: heaviest.
* Covariates included in the multivariable-adjusted Cox regression model were age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity index, degree of nursing care dependency, hospital length of stay, comorbid conditions, and Case Mix Index.