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. 2019 Oct 12;21:169–176. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.10.005

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© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 1 — Resistant mechanism of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (a) Schematic diagram of normal peptidoglycan synthesis. (b) Schematic diagram of vancomycin action. (c) Organization of the vanA cluster. (d) Resistant mechanism of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus. D-Ala: D-Alanine; D-lac: D-lactate; L-Lys: L-Lysine; D-Glu: D-glutamate; Gly₅: Pentaglycine; NAM: N-acetylmuramic acid; NAG: N-acetylglucosamine.