Table 1.
The characteristics of the 17 eligible studies evaluating haemangioma regression
| Studies | Design | Age (mo) | Duration of treatment (mo) | Regimen and dose | n | Diseased region | Outcome | AE | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | IV | ||||||||
| Yu 201411 | RCT | 8.33 (1–12) | 6.37 (5–9) | Topical propranolol 1% ointment, twice daily | 21 | 14 face or neck, 2 trunk, 4 extremities, 3 buttock | 3 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 0 |
| 9.13 (3–12) | 4.33 (3–18) | Propranolol orally, 0.75 mg/kg, twice daily | 21 | 12 face or neck, 3 trunk, 6 extremities, 1 buttock | 2 | 2 | 5 | 12 | 2 | ||
| Lu 201312 | RCT | 3.8 (1.5–11) | NA | Topical propranolol 1% ointment, 2 or 3 times daily | 20 | 14 head and face or neck, 1 trunk, 3 extremities, 2 perineum | 3 | 7 | 8 | 2 | 5 |
| 3.4 (1–10) | NA | Propranolol orally, 1 mg/kg/d, 2 or 3 times daily | 20 | 10 head and face or neck, 4 trunk, 4 extremities, 2 perineum | 2 | 5 | 10 | 3 | 3 | ||
| Zhu 201713 | RCT | 3–19 | 3 | Topical propranolol 0.5% ointment, 3 times daily | 30 | 18 head and face or neck, 6 chest, 4 extremities, 2 multiple location | 1 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 3 |
| 3–19 | 3 | Propranolol orally, 2/3 mg/kg, 3 times daily | 30 | 20 head and face or neck, 5 chest, 4 extremities, 1 multiple location | 2 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 0 | ||
| Chen 201714 | RCT | 1–16 | NA | Topical propranolol ointment, 2 or 3 times daily | 20 | NA | 1 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 1 |
| 1–16 | NA | Propranolol orally, 2 mg/kg/d, 2 or 3 times daily | 18 | NA | 0 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 6 | ||
| Li 201515 | RCT |
1–11 |
NA | Topical 0.5% timolol maleate solution, twice daily | 40 | 35 head and face or neck, 22 extremities, 18 trunk, 3 perineum | 4 | 8 | 13 | 15 | 1 |
| NA | Observation | 31 | 20 | 7 | 4 | 0 | NA | ||||
| Chambers 201216 | CS | NA | 2 | Topical 0.25% timolol maleate gel, twice daily | 5 | 5 periocular | 0 | 5 | 0 | ||
| NA | 2 | Observation | 4 | 5 periocular | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Chen 201517 | RCT | 1–5 | 6 | Topical 0.5% timolol maleate solution, 3 times daily | 23 | NA | 3 | 6 | 12 | 2 | 1 |
| 1–5 | 6 | Saline solutions, 3 times daily | 23 | NA | 1 | 17 | 4 | 1 | NA | ||
| Wang 201718 | RCT | 1–12 | 6 | Topical 0.5% timolol maleate solution, twice daily | 40 | 24 head and face or neck, 10 extremities, 6 trunk | 4 | 7 | 21 | 8 | NA |
| 1–12 | 6 | Saline solutions, twice daily | 40 | 25 head and face or neck, 9 extremities, 16 trunk | 28 | 9 | 3 | 0 | NA | ||
| Yu 201719 | RCT | 1–8 | 6 | Topical 0.5% timolol maleate solution, twice daily | 42 | 47 head, 11 extremities, 19 trunk | 4 | 7 | 22 | 9 | 1 |
| 1–8 | 6 | Saline solutions, twice daily | 35 | 25 | 8 | 2 | 0 | NA | |||
| Wu 201820 | CS | 5.4 (mean) | 7.3 (mean) | Topical 0.5% timolol maleate hydrogel, 3 times daily | 362 | 200 head and neck, 84 extremities, 78 trunk | 13 | 43 | 170 | 136 | 12 |
| 6.1 (mean) | 6.0 (mean) | Oral propranolol, 2.0 mg/kg per day | 362 | 221 head and neck, 81 extremities, 60 trunk | 11 | 36 | 199 | 116 | 14 | ||
| Zhao 201621 | CS | 2–12 | 1–6 | Topical timolol, 0.5% ointment, 3 times daily | 57 | 65 head and face or neck, 12 extremities, 21 trunk, 9 perineum | 9 | 11 | 17 | 20 | 0 |
| 2–12 | 1–6 | Oral propranolol, 1.5–2.0 mg/kg/d | 50 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 18 | 0 | |||
| Zhang 201722 | CS | 2–18 | 6 | Topical timolol, 0.5% ointment, twice daily | 27 | 37 head and face or neck, 12 extremities and trunk, 1 perineum | 3 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 1 |
| 2–18 | 6 | Oral propranolol,1.5–2.0 mg/kg/d | 23 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 8 | |||
| Zhao 201323 | RCT | 4–13 | 6 | Topical timolol, 0.5% ointment, once daily | 71 | 105 head and face or neck, 7 extremities, 20 trunk, 9 perineum | 2 | 16 | 49 | 4 | 16 |
| 4–13 | 6 | Oral propranolol, 1 mg/kg once daily | 70 | 5 | 18 | 45 | 2 | 52 | |||
| Gong 201524 | RCT | 2–9 | 6 | Topical timolol, 0.5% ointment, twice daily | 13 | NA | 3 | 8 | 0 | ||
| 2–9 | 6 | Oral propranolol, 1.5 mg/kg once daily | 13 | NA | 2 | 9 | 3 | ||||
| Zhao 201625 | RCT | 1–12 | 3–6 | Topical timolol, 0.5% solution, twice daily | 25 | 19 head and face or neck, 4 extremities, 2 trunk | 3 | 3 | 6 | 12 | 0 |
| 1–12 | 3–6 | Topical 5% imiquimod cream, 3 times per week | 25 | 17 head and face or neck, 5 extremities, 3 trunk | 7 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | ||
| Hu 201326 | CS | 1–9 | 4 | Topical timolol, 0.5% solution, once daily | 54 | 20 head and face or neck, 13 extremities, 9 trunk | 41 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 12 |
| 1–9 | 4 | Topical 5% imiquimod cream, once every other day | 54 | 44 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 34 | |||
| Qiu 201327 | CS | 1–4.5 | 2–7 | Topical timolol, 0.5% solution, once daily | 20 | 12 head and face or neck, 4 extremities, 4 trunk | 1 | 0 | 4 | 15 | 0 |
| 1–8.5 | 2–7 | Topical 5% imiquimod cream, once every other day | 20 | 12 head and face or neck, 4 extremities, 4 trunk | 2 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 13 | ||
NA, not reported; AE, adverse events; CS, cohort study; RCT, randomized controlled trial.