Table 3. Esophageal pressure topography characteristics of pharmacologic interrogation in patients with type-3 achalasia divided by chronic daily opioid exposure into idiopathic (IA3) and opioid-induced (OA3) subgroups.
The data are shown as median and interquartile range. Integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), distal contractile integral (DCI).
| Esophageal Pressure Topography | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Amyl Nitrite (AN) | IA3 (N=24) |
OA3 (N=23) |
P value |
| Inhalation Duration (s) | 10 (9, 15) | 11 (8, 14) | 0.4 |
| Inhalation Pressure Drop (s) | 8 (7, 11) | 10 (8, 12) | 0.3 |
| Onset Relaxation (s) | 15 (6, 19) | 16 (10, 20) | 0.7 |
| Relaxation Duration (s) | 52 (41, 55) | 42 (28, 50) | 0.04* |
| Relaxation IRP (mmHg) | 6 (3, 10) | 9 (5, 13) | 0.3 |
| Relaxation Gain (mmHg) | 20 (16, 34) | 18 (14, 29) | 1.0 |
| Recovery Swallow IRP (mmHg) | 49 (40, 82) | 44 (34, 53) | 0.1 |
| Rebound Contraction | 83 (51, 167) | 43 (29, 60) | <0.001* |
| Cholecystokinin (CCK) Phase 1 | N=23 | N=19 | |
| Nadir LES Pressure (mmHg) | 55 (32, 79) | 36 (16, 76) | 0.1 |
| Esophageal DCI (mmHg.cm.s) | 12055 (3135, 26596) | 1095 (436, 6205) | <0.001* |
| Paradoxical LES Contraction (mmHg) | 231 (111, 323) | 88 (35, 100) | <0.001* |
| Cholecystokinin (CCK) Phase 2 | N=19 | N=12 | |
| IRP (mmHg) | 123 (9, 155) | 6 (2, 13) | <0.001* |
| Esophageal Shortening (cm) | 5 (4, 6) | 4 (3, 5) | 0.01* |
| DCI (mmHg.cm.s) × 1000 | 30 (19, 49) | 8.6 (6, 12.9) | 0.001* |
| Relaxation (IRP<15 mmHg) | 5 (26%) | 12 (100%) | <0.001* |
| Atropine (ATR) | N=21 | N=18 | |
| LES Pressure (mmHg) | 21 (12, 30) | 16 (10, 20) | 0.1 |
| Wet Swallow IRP (mmHg) | 16 (13, 23) | 17 (13, 21) | 0.6 |
| Wet Swallow DCI (mmHg.cm.s) | 509 (236, 1185) | 233 (98, 626) | 0.08 |