Table 1:
Summary of differences between adult and pediatric GP
| Adults | Children | |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence (estimated) | 0.4% to 3% | Unknown |
| Etiology | From most common to least common[5, 8]: | From most common to least common[13]: |
| 1) Idiopathic (30–50%) | 1) Idiopathic (70%) | |
| 2) Diabetes mellitus (25%) | 2) Medications (18%) | |
| 3) Medications (22%) | 3) Post-surgical (12.5%) | |
| 4) Post-surgical (7%) | 4) Post-viral (5%) | |
| 5) Diabetes Mellitus (4%) | ||
| Predominant Symptoms | Nausea (>90%) Vomiting (84%) Bloating (75%) Early Satiety (60%) Abdominal pain (46%) [15] |
Age dependent [13, 14]: |
| - Infants: vomiting (96.5%), weight loss (31%) | ||
| - Ages 1–10 years of age: vomiting (72–73%), abdominal pain (28–67%) | ||
| - Ages ≥ 11 years of age: abdominal pain (66.7–75%), nausea (48.7–61), vomiting (52.6–55%) | ||
| Gender | 4:1 female: male ratio [15, 28] | Age dependent [13]: |
| - Ages < 1 year: boys (72.4%) | ||
| - Ages 1–10 years of age: equal ratios | ||
| - Ages > 10 years: girls>boys | ||
| Psychiatric Comorbidities | Found in 62% of adults (n=262) [15]: | Found in 28% of children (n=239) [13]: |
| 1) Moderate/severe depression (41.6%) | 1) Attention hyperactivity disorder (8.4%) | |
| 2) Severe anxiety (32.8%) | 2) Behavioral problems (8%) | |
| 3) Severe trait anxiety (30.5%) | 3) Anxiety (6.3%) | |
| 4) Depression (4%) | ||
| 5) Bipolar disorder (1.7%) | ||
| Outcomes | Factors independently associated with improved outcomes [28]: | Factors independently associated with improved outcomes [14]: |
| - Male sex | - Male sex | |
| - Age ≥ 50 years | - Younger age | |
| - Post viral GP | - Post viral GP | |
| - Antidepressant use | - Shorter duration of symptoms | |
| - 4-hour gastric retention > 20% | - Response to promotility drugs | |
| - Nonsmokers | - Absence of mitochondrial dysfunction | |
| - BMI <25mg/m2 | ||
| - No pain medication use | ||