Table 1.

Characteristics of study subjects.

		25(OH)D Categories (ng/mL)
	Total (N=10378)	<12 (N=598)	12–19 (N=1514)	20–50 (N=7749)	>50 (N=517)
25(OH)D, Mean (SD), ng/mL	30.01 (12.86)	8.48 (2.06)	15.85 (2.28)	32.36 (7.65)	61.07 (15.81)
Age, mean (SD), years	54.28 (17.09)	51.09 (18.09)	51.77 (16.97)	54.91 (16.91)	55.91 (17.82)
Age groups, n (%)
18–49 yr	3986 (38.4%)	293 (49.0%)	682 (45.0%)	2831 (36.5%)	180 (34.8%)
50–64 yr	3603 (34.7%)	179 (29.9%)	519 (34.3%)	2733 (35.3%)	172 (33.3%)
≥65 yr	2789 (26.9%)	126 (21.1%)	313 (20.7%)	2185 (28.2%)	165 (31.9%)
Sex, n (%)
Female	8019 (77.3%)	436 (72.9%)	1112 (73.4%)	6010 (77.6%)	461 (89.2%)
Male	2359 (22.7%)	162 (27.1%)	402 (26.6%)	1739 (22.4%)	56 (10.8%)
Race, n (%)
White	9120 (87.9%)	393 (65.7%)	1149 (75.9%)	7081 (91.4%)	497 (96.1%)
Non-white	1257 (12.1%)	205 (34.3%)	365 (24.1%)	667 (8.6%)	20 (3.9%)
Season, n (%)
Winter, Dec–Feb	2596 (25.0%)	210 (35.1%)	461 (30.4%)	1825 (23.6%)	100 (19.3%)
Spring, Mar–May	2713 (26.1%)	201 (33.6%)	478 (31.6%)	1891 (24.4%)	143 (27.7%)
Summer, Jun–Aug	2355 (22.7%)	80 (13.4%)	231 (15.3%)	1911 (24.7%)	133 (25.7%)
Fall, Sept–Nov	2714 (26.2%)	107 (17.9%)	344 (22.7%)	2122 (27.4%)	141 (27.3%)
Charlson index, mean (SD)	3.38 (3.40)	3.73 (4.12)	3.24 (3.47)	3.37 (3.34)	3.52 (3.22)
BMI, mean (SD)	28.83 (7.47)	31.69 (10.03)	31.13 (8.30)	28.37 (6.98)	25.68 (6.03)
HOUSES Z, mean (SD)	−0.12 (3.51)	−1.55 (3.09)	−0.98 (3.35)	0.14 (3.52)	0.24 (3.50)
Ever Smoked
Missing	697	44	110	520	23
No	4918 (50.8%)	244 (44.0%)	649 (46.2%)	3768 (52.1%)	257 (52.0%)
Yes	4763 (49.2%)	310 (56.0%)	755 (53.8%)	3461 (47.9%)	237 (48.0%)
Hypertension
No	5977 (57.6%)	300 (50.2%)	846 (55.9%)	4518 (58.3%)	313 (60.5%)
Yes	4401 (42.4%)	298 (49.8%)	668 (44.1%)	3231 (41.7%)	204 (39.5%)
Hyperlipidemia
No	4768 (45.9%)	309 (51.7%)	724 (47.8%)	3517 (45.4%)	218 (42.2%)
Yes	5610 (54.1%)	289 (48.3%)	790 (52.2%)	4232 (54.6%)	299 (57.8%)
Osteoporosis
No	8265 (79.7%)	511 (85.6%)	1291 (85.3%)	6089 (78.7%)	374 (72.6%)
Yes	2102 (20.3%)	86 (14.4%)	223 (14.7%)	1652 (21.3%)	141 (27.4%)