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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Horm Behav. 2019 Nov 14;118:104613. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104613

Table 1: Study 1 results for c-Fos cell density in six brain regions after a high (Clinical) or low (Milk) dose of oral oxytocin (OXT) versus saline in postnatal day (P) 14 and P21 male and female OXTR:EGFP mice.

Average c-Fos cell density is expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Main and interaction effects p – values are from multivariate mixed model analyses on mean c – Fos densities and effect sizes are expressed in parentheses as partial eta squared values. Bold font emphasizes statistical significance. Post-hoc results are Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons. T = treatment; S = sex; A = age; PVN = paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus

Study
1 c-
Fos		 Mean ± SEM p-value (ηp2)
Male Female Treat
ment		 Sex Age T × S T × A A ×
S		 T × S
× A		 post hoc
P14 P21 P14 P21
PVN
Saline 476 ± 60 591 ± 137 385 ± 83 731 ± 185 0.68
(0.01)		 0.01
(0.07) 		0.01
(0.07) 		0.04
(0.06) 		0.16
(0.04)		 0.60
(0.00)		 0.06
(0.06)		 saline ♂<Clinical ♂
P14 < P21
♂ > ♀
Milk 428 ± 83 950 ± 136 482 ± 63 534 ± 78
Clinical 796 ± 104 782 ± 147 411 ± 83 440 ± 104
Trigeminal sensory
Saline 86 ± 12 65 ± 18 104 ± 8 76 ± 16 0.46
(0.02)		 0.81
(0.00)		 0.00
(0.90) 		0.44
(0.02)		 0.91
(0.00)		 0.93
(0.00)		 0.61
(0.01)		 P14 > P21
Milk 98 ± 23 54 ± 7 76 ± 14 54 ± 8
Clinical 80 ± 23 63 ± 5 93 ± 18 55 ± 12
Trigeminal spinal
Saline 113 ± 19 66 ± 19 127 ± 23 80 ± 14 0.84
(0.00)		 0.53
(0.00)		 0.00
(0.11) 		0.64
(0.01)		 0.56
(0.01)		 0.52
(0.00)		 0.52
(0.01)		 P14 > P21
Milk 119 ± 26 71 ± 9 109 ± 15 678 ± 12
Clinical 92 ± 10 94 ± 13 129 ± 16 83 ± 19
Trigeminal motor
Saline 84 ± 26 127 ± 42 49 ± 10 135 ± 30 0.81
(0.00)		 0.81
(0.00)		 0.03
(0.05) 		0.88
(0.00)		 0.23
(0.03)		 0.02
(0.05) 		0.67
(0.01)		 P14 ♂ > P14♀
P14 < P21
Milk 108 ± 28 111 ± 25 73 ± 24 139 ± 30
Clinical 135 ± 25 80 ± 3 86 ± 11 140 ± 36
Ventroposterior medial thalamus
Saline 83 ± 43 144 ± 81 96 ± 46 19 ± 4 0.05
(0.06) 		0.20
(0.02)		 0.89
(0.00)		 0.28
(0.03)		 0.89
(0.00)		 0.25
(0.01)		 0.28
(0.03)		 saline > Milk
Milk 18 ± 9 12 ± 2 43 ± 20 25 ± 8
Clinical 65 ± 29 72 ± 54 18 ± 8 33 ± 6
Barrel cortex
Saline 156 ± 38 72 ± 31 250 ± 56 77 ± 27 0.86
(0.00)		 0.50
(0.00)		 0.00
(0.15) 		0.17
(0.03)		 0.37
(0.01)		 0.73
(0.00)		 0.68
(0.01)		 P14 > P21
Milk 209 ± 85 59 ± 20 185 ± 43 34 ± 11
Clinical 216 ± 64 112 ± 32 117 ± 44 43 ± 13