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. 2019 Dec 18;577(7788):79–84. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1852-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a, Three different evolutionary relationships among major clades of angiosperms. b, Number of LCN gene trees with different bootstrap support (BS) values based on nucleotide sequences from six eudicots, six monocots, N. colorata, Amborella and three different gymnosperms. c, Comparison of gene trees supporting the three evolutionary relationships using each gymnosperm in turn as the outgroup. The percentage was calculated by dividing the number of type I, II or III trees (BS > 80%) by the total number of trees. d, Summary phylogeny and timescale of 115 plant species. Blue bars at nodes represent 95% credibility intervals of the estimated dates. e, The flowers of the 20 sampled water lilies in Nymphaeales used in d.