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. 2019 Dec 18;577(7788):79–84. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1852-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 8 — a, The peak of the blue anthocyanidin appears at 3 min of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detection. b, The three fragments of the blue anthocyanidin and their molecule mass. c, The molecule of the anthocyanidin was identified as delphinidin 3′-O-(2″-O-galloyl-6″-O-acetyl-β-galactopyranoside), abbreviated as Dp3′galloyl-acetylGal. d, The postulated pathway for the biosynthesis of Dp3′galloyl-acetylGal. Gene copy numbers are listed next to the enzymes. 3GGT, anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside-2″-O-glucosyltransferase; 3′GT, 3′-O-beta-glucosyltranferase; 5AT, anthocyanin-5-aromatic acyltransferase; ANS, anthocyanidin synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; CHS, chalcone synthase; DFR, dihydroflavonol-4-reductase; F3H, flavanone-3-hydroxylase; F3′5′H, flavonoid-3′,5′-hydroxylase. e, Comparative transcriptomic analyses between the blue- and white-petal cultivars of N. colorata identified two genes, ANS and UDPGT, that are highly differentially expressed and might be potential regulators for blue coloration of the petals.