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. 2020 Feb 12;10:2435. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59102-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Stimulation intensity ranges for four participants (P1-P4) along different parts of the tongue. Either all the electrodes on the IOD were stimulated (All), or the stimulation was delivered locally to the tip, middle or back of the tongue. Stimulation intensities reported as either weak or comfortable were considered as the usable range. Dashed lines show the range that participants reported as weak (above detection threshold) and solid lines show range reported as comfortable, below pain level.