Table 2.
A summary of the 35 metabolites that were absolutely quantified in the analyzed cohort
| Metabolite | Class | Mean (± SD) | Range | n | Mandal 1 | Mandal 2 | CSF MDB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (µM) | (µM) | Mean (± SD) (µM) | Mean (± SD) (µM) | Mean (n) | |||
| Carnitine (AC (0:0)) | Acylcarnitines | 1.69 (± 0.263) | 1.34–2.46 | 24 | 1.900 (± 0.5) | 4.0 ± 2.0 | – |
| Acetylcarnitine (AC (2:0)) b | Acylcarnitines | 0.407 (± 0.158) | 0.182–0.794 | 24 | 0.322 (± 0.148) | – | – |
| Butyrylcarnitine (AC (4:0)) | Acylcarnitines | 0.136 (± 0.003) | 0.134–0.138 | 2 | 0.024 (± 0.007) | – | – |
| Valerylcarnitine (AC (5:0)) | Acylcarnitines | 0.079 (± 0.003) | 0.077–0.083 | 3 | 0.013 (± 0.006) | – | – |
| Tetradecanoylcarnitine (AC (14:0)) | Acylcarnitines | 0.058 (± 0.005) | 0.055–0.062 | 2 | – | – | – |
| Octadecanoylcarnitine (AC (18:0)) | Acylcarnitines | 0.024 | – | 1 | – | – | – |
| Alanine | Amino acids | 32.7 (± 7.07) | 21.6–49.1 | 24 | 46 (± 27) | 37 ± 7 | 7.8 (3) |
| Arginine | Amino acids | 22.5 (± 3.48) | 16.8–29.6 | 24 | 17.9 (± 5.7) | 20.2 ± 6.3 | 21.6 (3) |
| Asparagine | Amino acids | 6.6 (± 1.33) | 5.03–11.1 | 24 | 4 (± 2) | 5 ± 1 | 3.89 (2) |
| Citrulline b | Amino acids | 1.93 (± 0.593) | 0.93–3.32 | 24 | – | – | 16.19 (2) |
| Glutamine | Amino acids | 473 (± 37.9) | 400–546 | 24 | 398 (± 150) | 444 ± 80 | 700.3 (2) |
| Glycine b,c | Amino acids | 6.07 (± 1.51) | 2.91–10.1 | 24 | 6.1 (± 1.4) | 8.2 ± 3.0 | 3.76 (3) |
| Histidine | Amino acids | 12.6 (± 1.78) | 8.91–15.6 | 24 | 15 (± 8) | 12 ± 2 | 72.2 (2) |
| Isoleucine | Amino acids | 6.63 (± 0.913) | 5.75–7.68 | 4 | 7 (± 5) | 8 ± 3 | 4.2 (2) |
| Lysine a | Amino acids | 23.8 (± 3.43) | 14.5–30.9 | 24 | 29 (± 13) | 28 ± 8 | 44.6 (1) |
| Methionine b | Amino acids | 4.27 (± 2.15) | 2.4–12.1 | 24 | 5 (± 4) | 6 ± 3 | 2.7 (1) |
| Ornithine d | Amino acids | 4.28 (± 1.02) | 2.65–7.3 | 24 | 4.5 (± 2.2) | 6.0 ± 1.5 | 288 (1) |
| Phenylalanine a | Amino acids | 8.77 (± 1.73) | 5.81–13.4 | 24 | 15 (± 8) | 18 ± 7 | 10.94 (5) |
| Proline | Amino acids | 0.952 (± 0.539) | 0.432–2.06 | 15 | 1.9 (± 1) | 4.0 ± 2.0 | 0.68 (1) |
| Serine | Amino acids | 23.9 (± 4.38) | 15.8–32.2 | 24 | 38 (± 14) | 42 ± 15 | 18.75 (2) |
| Threonine | Amino acids | 27.3 (± 5.29) | 12.5–35.2 | 24 | 28 (± 8) | 28 ± 5 | 9.68 (1) |
| Tryptophan | Amino acids | 1.77 (± 0.363) | 1.03–2.61 | 24 | 10 (± 5) | 2 ± 1 | 3.29 (14) |
| Tyrosine | Amino acids | 8.38 (± 1.86) | 4.65–13.1 | 22 | 12 (± 9) | 10 ± 4 | 13.783 (10) |
| Valine a,c | Amino acids | 16.4 (± 3.84) | 8.89–23.4 | 24 | 19 (± 13) | 24 ± 7 | 51.37 (2) |
| Leucine + Isoleucine a | Amino acids | 16.5 (± 3.53) | 8.68–22.5 | 23 | 16 (± 9) | 19 ± 4 | Leu: 11.5 (1) |
| Asymmetric dimethylarginine b,c | Biogenic amines | 0.058 (± 0.016) | 0.031–0.093 | 24 | – | – | – |
| Creatinine | Biogenic amines | 64.9 (± 12) | 47.9–94.2 | 24 | 44 (± 13) | – | – |
| Kynurenine b | Biogenic amines | 0.066 (± 0.017) | 0.041–0.101 | 20 | – | – | 1.16 (4) |
| Nitrotyrosine | Biogenic amines | 0.136 | – | 1 | – | – | – |
| Putrescine | Biogenic amines | 0.14 (± 0.042) | 0.071–0.246 | 23 | – | – | – |
| Symmetric dimethylarginine | Biogenic amines | 0.128 (± 0.028) | 0.09–0.2 | 24 | – | – | – |
| Spermidine | Biogenic amines | 0.104 (± 0.005) | 0.1–0.107 | 2 | – | – | – |
| trans-4-Hydroxyproline | Biogenic amines | 0.563 (± 0.222) | 0.247–1.16 | 24 | – | – | – |
| Taurine | Biogenic amines | 6.96 (± 1.97) | 4.09–12.8 | 24 | – | – | 5.76 (3) |
| Hexoses (including glucose) c | Sugars | 3790 (± 530) | 3031–5272 | 24 | 2960 (± 1110) | 5390 ± 1650 | 3700 (1) |
The mean concentrations, standard deviations, concentration ranges and the number of samples in which the metabolites were detected are presented, as well as reference values from (Mandal et al. 2012) and the CSF metabolome database (Wishart et al. 2008).
Mandal 1: Experimental values from Mandal et al 2012; Mandal 2: Literature values from Mandal et al 2012; CSF MDB: Experimental values extracted from the CSF metabolome database, quantitative CSF data extracted for adult subjects only with number of entries in the database within parentheses.
a,b,cSee Table 3: aAffected by age, bAffected by batch, cAffected by diagnosis, dOrn was quantified with restriction, see the Experimental section.