Table 3.
Effects of parental social disadvantages on child risk of ADHD. Estimates from linear probability models.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level of education (ref. ≥ tertiary) | ||||
| Compulsory school or less | 0.035*** (0.001) [0.033; 0.037] | 0.030*** (0.001) [0.012; 0.014] | ||
| Upper secondary | 0.013*** (0.000) [0.012; 0.014] | 0.012*** (0.000) [0.012; 0.014] | ||
| Unemployment (ref. < 1 month) | ||||
| 6–12 months | 0.021*** (0.001) [0.018; 0.023] | 0.011*** (0.001) [0.012; 0.014] | ||
| 1–5 months | 0.013*** (0.001) [0.012; 0.014] | 0.008*** (0.001) [0.012; 0.014] | ||
| Relative income (ref. 5. Quintile) | ||||
| 1. Quintile | 0.023*** (0.001) [0.021; 0.025] | 0.017*** (0.001) [0.015; 0.018] | ||
| 2. Quintile | 0.019*** (0.001) [0.017; 0.020] | 0.012*** (0.001) [0.010; 0.013] | ||
| 3. Quintile | 0.013*** (0.001) [0.012; 0.014] | 0.008*** (0.001) [0.006; 0.009] | ||
| 4. Quintile | 0.008*** (0.001) [0.006; 0.009] | 0.005*** (0.001) [0.004; 0.006] | ||
| R-squared | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.9 |
| N | 632,609 | 632,609 | 632,609 | 632,609 |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses and 95% confidence intervals in brackets. All estimates are adjusted for gender, immigrant status, birth characteristics (weight, gestational age, and 5-min. APGAR score), single-parenthood, parent ADHD diagnosis, and the number of children in the household. Models include fixed effect dummies for birth year and residential region.