Table 1.
Studies included in the review.
| Study | Year | No. of Hips | CP class | Mean age (years) | Avg Follow-up (years) | Indication for surgery | Surgical Approach | Soft tissue release | Complications | Revision | Implant survival |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Root et al. | 1986 | 15 | 6 Spastic paraplegia, 6 triplegia, 1 spastic athetoid, 1 hemiplegia | 31 (16–52) | 6.75 (2.5–1.2) | Painful, degenerated, unstable hip | 2 Posterolateral approach, 13 lateral approach with trochantric osteotomy | 11 adductor and hip-flexor | 1 case breakage of trochanteric wires, 1 dislocation (12 days after surgery), 1 dislocation (4 months) | 1 all component revision and 1 femoral component revision | |
| Buly et al. | 1993 | 19 | 6 Spastic quadriplegia, 5 Diplegia, 3 triplegia, 2 hemiplegia, 1 athetoid quadriplegia, 1 mixed quadriplegia | 30 (16–52) | 10 (3–17) | End-stage hip degeneration, pain, subluxation, dislocation, and limited functional activity | 14 transtrochanteric approach, 5 posterolateral approach | 12 flexor or adductor tendon releases | 2 recurrent dislocations, 3 trochantric bursitis | One stem and one acetabular component | 95% at 10 years for loosening and 86% with removal for any reason |
| Weber et al. | 1999 | 16 | 7 hemiplegia, 4 diplegia, 2 quadriplegia, 2 athetoid quadriplegia, 1 athetoid diplegia | 48.5 (22–79) | 9.7 (2.5–21) | 3 primary OA, 8 secondary OS because of hip dysplasia, 5 failed treatment fracture neck of femur | 8 anterolateral, 7 transtrochanteric, 1 posterolateral | None | one trochanteric and one acetabular fracture intraoperatively, One trochanteric avulsion post-operatively | One aseptic loosening at 13 years | |
| Schroeder et al. | 2010 | 18 | 8 spastic quadriplegia, 3 hemiplegia, 4 diplegic, 1 unclassified | 42.0 (32–58) | 10.0 (2–18) | Painful OA with severely limited functional ability | Transgluteal lateral bauer approach | 5 tenotomy of adductor tendons, 1 lengthening of adductor tendon, 4 psoas-and rectus tendon release, 1 transposition of outer rotators | One hip revision for infection at 12 years, one hip dislocated at 3 months after surgery | 3 cups were revised for aseptic loosening | |
| Raphael et al. | 2009 | 59.0 | 11 athetoid, 21 spastic diplegic, 6 spastic hemiplegic, 18 spastic quadriplegic, 3 triplegic. | 30.7 (14–61) | 9.7 (2–28) | painful, subluxated, or dislocated hip | 14 transtrochanteric approach, 45 posterolateral approach | 28 adductor tendon releases | one trochanteric nonunion, 5 trochanteric bursitis, one pulmonary embolism, 2 infection, and one periprosthetic fracture | 7 acetabular component revisions, and 2 femoral stem component revision | 2-year survival was 95%, and 10-year survivorship was 85%. |
| Sanders et al. | 2013 | 10 | 2 quadriplegic, 2 hemiplegic, 4 diplegic on the lower limbs (two bilateral cases) | 54 (43–61) | 3.3 (1.8–4.7) | 7 painful OA, 1 fracture | Posterolateral approach | One adductor tenotomy | One periprosthetic fracture in hospital after fall a few days after initial surgery | ||
| King et al. | 2015 | 389 | 53 (40–64) | 7 Periprosthetic fractures leading to revision, 6 aseptic loosening, Pain in 5, and 4 dislocations | 22 revisions (10 within one year) | 93.6% 5-year survival | |||||
| Morin et al. | 2016 | 40 | No ambulatory patients | 19.2 (13.5–31.6) | 5.3 (.75–12.25) | Pain confirmed by family or care staff | Lateral with trochanteric osteotomy | 2 septic complications (one treated with lavage and antibiotics and one with revision THA) | 6 revisions | ||
| Houdek et al. | 2017 | 39 | GMFCS type I = 3, type II = 18, type III = 12, type IV = 6 | 49 (21–74) | 7 (2–20) | Hip OA, and failure of non-operative measures to alleviate hip pain | Anterolateral in 19 and Posterior in 20 | Adductor tendon release in 7, and psoas release in 2 | 2 acetabular aseptic loosening, 2 recurrent instability, one deep infection, 3 dislocations, 1 wound dehiscence, one DVT | 5 revisions | 92% at 2 years, 88% at 5 years, 81% at 10 years, and 81% at 15 years |